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排序方式: 共有102条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Implicit aggressiveness, measured by the Conditional Reasoning Test for Aggression (CRT-A), has been shown to be important for understanding counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs). However, it is not clear how employees justify CWBs that stem from their unconscious tendencies. We tested the idea that implicitly aggressive individuals develop negative job attitudes (JAs) to justify their CWBs. In Study 1, 333 employees completed the CRT-A, a battery of JAs, and a CWBs scale. In Study 2, another sample (n = 341) completed the CRT-A and different measures of JAs and CWBs. In both studies, implicit aggressiveness explained JAs and self-reported CWBs. Although the design did not allow establishment of exact causal sequence, both studies were more consistent with the model where CWBs mediated the CRT-A and JA relationship. 相似文献
64.
Domijan D 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2011,11(4):573-599
A computational model was developed to explain a pattern of results of fMRI activation in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) supporting
visual working memory for multiobject scenes. The model is based on the hypothesis that dendrites of excitatory neurons are
major computational elements in the cortical circuit. Dendrites enable formation of a competitive queue that exhibits a gradient
of activity values for nodes encoding different objects, and this pattern is stored in working memory. In the model, brain
imaging data are interpreted as a consequence of blood flow arising from dendritic processing. Computer simulations showed
that the model successfully simulates data showing the involvement of inferior IPS in object individuation and spatial grouping
through representation of objects’ locations in space, along with the involvement of superior IPS in object identification
through representation of a set of objects’ features. The model exhibits a capacity limit due to the limited dynamic range
for nodes and the operation of lateral inhibition among them. The capacity limit is fixed in the inferior IPS regardless of
the objects’ complexity, due to the normalization of lateral inhibition, and variable in the superior IPS, due to the different
encoding demands for simple and complex shapes. Systematic variation in the strength of self-excitation enables an understanding
of the individual differences in working memory capacity. The model offers several testable predictions regarding the neural
basis of visual working memory. 相似文献
65.
Marie Duží 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2010,39(5):473-510
The classical theory of semantic information (ESI), as formulated by Bar-Hillel and Carnap in 1952, does not give a satisfactory account of the problem of what information,
if any, analytically and/or logically true sentences have to offer. According to ESI, analytically true sentences lack informational content, and any two analytically equivalent sentences convey the same piece
of information. This problem is connected with Cohen and Nagel’s paradox of inference: Since the conclusion of a valid argument
is contained in the premises, it fails to provide any novel information. Again, ESI does not give a satisfactory account of the paradox. In this paper I propose a solution based on the distinction between
empirical information and analytic information. Declarative sentences are informative due to their meanings. I construe meanings as structured hyperintensions, modelled in Transparent Intensional Logic as so-called constructions. These are abstract, algorithmically structured procedures whose constituents are sub-procedures. My main thesis is that
constructions are the vehicles of information. Hence, although analytically true sentences provide no empirical information about the state of the world, they convey analytic information, in the shape of constructions prescribing how to arrive at the truths in question. Moreover, even though analytically equivalent
sentences have equal empirical content, their analytic content may be different. Finally, though the empirical content of
the conclusion of a valid argument is contained in the premises, its analytic content may be different from the analytic content
of the premises and thus convey a new piece of information. 相似文献
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Josef Brožek 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1987,22(3):95-102
This communication is based on the pioneering studies performed by I. P. Pavlov’s associates, Yu. P. Frolov (in 1918) and I. S. Rozental’ (in 1918/1919) at the Institute of Experimental Medicine, in Petrograd. The changes in the “independent variable”—the dogs’ diet—were not planned but were the consequences of severe shortages of food for man and beast. The principal generalization concerns the order in which different forms of “complex nervous activity” were impaired: the order is opposite to the order in which they emerge in the process of ontogenesis. First to suffer was “internal inhibition,” as documented by the failure of stimulus differentiation. This was followed by the decrease in the magnitude of well-established conditional responses (CRs). As a result of a more severe impairment of the excitatory processes, it became difficult or impossible to establish new CRs. In time, previously established CRs to artificial stimuli, visual and acoustic, disappeared totally. The CRs to natural conditional stimuli (CSs) were maintained fairly well but, eventually, they too decreased markedly. In the terminal phase of starvation, the unconditional salivary reflexes continued to function, although their magnitude was depressed. 相似文献
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Balsam KF Huang B Fieland KC Simoni JM Walters KL 《Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology》2004,10(3):287-301
In a community-based sample of urban American Indian and Alaska Native adults, 25 lesbian, gay, bisexual, and two-spirit participants were compared with 154 heterosexual participants with respect to sociodemographic characteristics, Native, cultural participation, trauma, physical and mental health, and substance use. Compared with their heterosexual counterparts, two-spirit participants reported higher rates of childhood physical abuse and more historical trauma in their families, higher levels of psychological symptoms, and more mental health service utilization. Two-spirit participants reported differences in patterns of alcohol use and were more likely to have used illicit drugs other than marijuana. Discussion and recommendations for health promotion interventions and future research are presented in consideration of an "indigenist" health model and the multiple minority status of two-spirit people. 相似文献
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Magdalena Łuniewska Ewa Haman Sharon Armon-Lotem Bartłomiej Etenkowski Frenette Southwood Darinka Anđelković Elma Blom Tessel Boerma Shula Chiat Pascale Engel de Abreu Natalia Gagarina Anna Gavarró Gisela Håkansson Tina Hickey Kristine Jensen de López Theodoros Marinis Maša Popović Elin Thordardottir Agnė Blažienė Myriam Cantú Sánchez Ineta Dabašinskienė Pınar Ege Inger-Anne Ehret Nelly-Ann Fritsche Daniela Gatt Bibi Janssen Maria Kambanaros Svetlana Kapalková Bjarke Kronqvist Sari Kunnari Chiara Levorato Olga Nenonen Siobhán Nic Fhlannchadha Ciara O’Toole Kamila Polišenská Barbara Pomiechowska Natalia Ringblom Tanja Rinker Maja Roch Maja Savić Daniela Slančová Ianthi Maria Tsimpli Özlem Ünal-Logacev 《Behavior research methods》2016,48(3):1154-1177