Specific and nonspecific thalamocortical functional connectivity in normal and vegetative states

Recent theoretical advances describing consciousness from information and integration have highlighted the unique role of the thalamocortical system in leading to integrated information and thus, consciousness. Here, we examined the differential distributions of specific and nonspecific thalamocortical functional connections using resting-state fMRI in a group of healthy subjects and vegetative-state patients. We found that both thalamic systems were widely distributed, but they exhibited different patterns. Nonspecific connections were preferentially associated with brain regions involved in higher-order cognitive processing, self-awareness and introspective mentalizing (e.g., the dorsal prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices). In contrast, specific connections were prevalent in the ventral and posterior part of the prefrontal and precuneus, known involved in representing externally-directed attentions. Significant reductions of functional connectivity in both systems, especially the nonspecific system, were observed in VS. These data suggest that brain networks sustaining information and integration may be differentiated by the nature of their thalamic functional connectivity.     

论北周时期的民间佛教组织及其造像

北周时期的民间佛教信仰十分盛行.通过对遗存的造像记分析,当时以邑和邑义为名称的民闻佛教造像组织十分发达,其内部构成反映了当时社会的阶层结构,规模也与地域性基层村社有关.这些组织主要以造像为目的,兼顾修建寺院、建义井、栽树等.从造像题材看,北周民众的信奉对象以释迦最多,其次是观世音,与北齐民众信仰有明显不同,反映了二者文化和地域性的差异.     

注意缺陷多动障碍的神经机制及干预

注意缺陷多动障碍是一种常见的神经性、发展性障碍。大脑异常被认为是注意缺陷多动障碍的病因之一。随着脑成像技术的发展,当前对该障碍的脑解剖结构病变、脑神经发育迟缓和脑网络连接异常等方面都展开了深入研究。文章从以上三个方面介绍最新研究成果,并指出目前的不足和未来研究方向,在此基础上为提高诊断精确性和发展新型有效的治疗干预方法提供建议。     

Out of control: attentional selection for orientation is thwarted by properties of the underlying neural mechanisms

To avoid sensory overload, people are able to selectively attend to a particular color or direction of motion while ignoring irrelevant stimuli that differ from the desired one. We show here for the first time that it is also possible to selectively attend to a specific line orientation-but with an important caveat: orientations that are perpendicular to the target orientation cannot be suppressed. This effect reflects properties of the neural mechanisms selective for orientation and reveals the extent to which contingent capture is constrained not only by one's top-down goals but also by feature preferences of visual neurons.     

Trait emotional intelligence and mental distress: The mediating role of positive and negative affect

Over the past decade, emotional intelligence (EI) has received much attention in the literature. Previous studies indicated that higher trait or ability EI was associated with greater mental distress. The present study focused on mediating effects of positive and negative affect on the association between trait EI and mental distress in a sample of Chinese adults. The participants were 726 Chinese adults (384 females) with an age range of 18–60 years. Data were collected by using the Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that EI was a significant predictor of positive affect, negative affect and mental distress. Further mediation analysis showed that positive and negative affect acted as partial mediators of the relationship between EI and mental distress. Furthermore, effect contrasts showed that there was no significant difference between the specific indirect effects through positive affect and through negative affect. This result indicated that positive affect and negative affect played an equally important function in the association between EI and distress. The significance and limitations of the results are discussed.     

证与病、体质关系的探讨

中医学中的“证”包含着对疾病、药物及体质等多方面相互作用的认识,关于病及体质失衡的知识是构成证的两大基本内容;现代医学是一种暗含所有人体质都相同的简化理论,在现代对疾病认识的基础上,从疾病与体质相互作用角度来研究人体与疾病,可以获得更全面的认识,从而弥补现代疾病理论的不足,是现代疾病理论的发展方向.     

公立医院补偿机制改革之政府补偿方式探讨

从公立医疗服务准公共产品特性和医疗服务的性质两个方面,强调了政府对公立医院补偿的必要性和合理性,并指出了政府补偿中存在财政补偿不足、缺乏补偿标准、监管不力等问题.同时,针对政府补偿现状提出了加大政府对公立医院的投入;设计科学合理的公立医院财政补偿制度;加强对公立医院财政投入资金的监管等政策建议.     

胸中段食管癌右胸单一切口术式的临床应用

探讨食管癌右胸单一切口术式的临床应用价值.分析经右胸单一切口的25例患者与同期行右胸及上腹两切口的25例患者的对照研究.比较两组病例的手术时间、失血量、淋巴结清扫数量、并发症的发生率以及生存情况.两组手术在失血量、淋巴结清扫个数及并发症方面比较无显著差异(P＞0.05).右胸单一切口术式可达到与右胸及上腹两切口术式同样的手术效果.     

结怨解冤

李兴瑞是一位解梦先生,百里以内的住户,只要是做了喜梦噩梦,不惜花重金,跑远路,把紧要的工作搁置一边,专程寻求到李兴瑞先生的门下求他禳解,以利于趋吉避凶。李兴瑞先生今年刚好五十岁,仙风鹤骨,脸上长髯飘拂,脑后扎一把马尾巴小辫,非男非女,混淆人眼大费猜疑,戴一副夹鼻眼镜,穿