Association between cognitive vulnerability to depression - dysfunctional attitudes and glycaemic control among in-patients with type 2 diabetes in a hospital in Beijing: a multivariate regression analysis

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and cognitive vulnerability to depression (dysfunctional attitudes) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 245 valid records from June 2016 to December 2016 were collected from a hospital in Beijing. Participants were asked to complete four questionnaires (Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, Zung Self-rating Depression Scale, and World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Short Form) to assess mental health and quality of life. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to determine the correlations between HbA1c, mental health, quality of life and other clinical variables. The results showed that dysfunctional attitudes were associated with HbA1c, with a standardized regression coefficient (β) of .13 (p = .01), although 1 h C-peptide (β = ?.75, p < .0001) was the most significant predictor of HbA1c in the regression model. The results indicated that dysfunctional attitudes, as a cognitive vulnerability to depression, were a relevant factor in HbA1c, although further studies are needed to establish the nature of the connection between dysfunctional attitudes and glycaemic control in diabetes patients.     

私人复制著作权问题的立法规制透视——兼论我国《著作权法》之完善

私人复制著作权问题是随着复制技术进步而带来的.在数字和网络技术普及之前,国际上对私人复制问题的讨论主要围绕影印复制、家庭录制等问题展开.随着数字和网络技术的发展,则关注点集中于数字和网络环境下私人复制问题.在国际立法中,"三步检验法"成为规制和衡量包括私人复制在内的复制行为的重要立法成果.私人复制问题反映了复制权保护、限制与技术变革的互动关系.为因应复制技术变革,一些国家著作权立法逐渐完善了私人复制制度.我国著作权法修改在即,如何完善相应规定值得深入研究.     

任务类型对上下视野优势的影响

视觉信息加工的单侧视野优势效应一直是认知心理学领域的研究热点。本研究采用变化检测范式探讨文字和几何信息在上下视野中的优势效应。结果发现：当加工文字材料时,颜色和位置检测任务均出现上部视野优势效应;加工几何图形时,则出现下部视野优势效应。上述结果表明,任务信息所需要的加工类型影响上下视野的优势效应,支持Previc提出的视野优势效应的生态假说。     

Psychological factors related to eating disordered behaviors: a study with Portuguese athletes

This study analyzes eating disordered behaviors in a sample of Portuguese athletes and explores its relationship with some psychological dimensions. Two hundred and ninety nine athletes (153 male, 51.2%) practicing collective (65.2%) or individual sports (34.8%) were included. The assessment protocol included the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) (Fairburn & Beglin, 1994); the Sport Condition Questionnaire (Bruin et al., 2007; Hall et al., 2007); the Sport Anxiety Scale (Smith et al., 2006); the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (Duda, 1992; Duda & Whitehead, 1998); the Cognitive Evaluation of Sport-Threat Perceptions (Cruz, 1994; Lazarus, 1991); and the Self-Presentation Exercise Questionnaire (Gammage et al., 2004). Results revealed that: i) no case of clinical significance was detected in the four dimensions of the EDE-Q simultaneously; ii) females scored higher on the EDE-Q Global Score, and athletes with the better sport results scored higher on the Restraint subscale; iii) athletes with a higher desire to weigh less scored higher on the EDE-Q Global Score; iv) athletes with lower scores on EDE-Q displayed more positive results on the psychological measures; v) several psychological dimensions were identified as predictors of eating disordered behaviors. In conclusion, the prevalence of eating disordered behaviors was negligible in this study, yet the relationship of this problem with personal, sport and psychological factors was evident.     

Emotional reactions to scandals: When does moral character make a difference?

A scandal can evoke public outrage when it is widely publicized and involves an individual who is perceived to have a high level of cultural representativeness. Two experiments showed that when the scandalous target's moral character was highlighted, emotional responses towards the target were least negative when the scandal was widely circulated and when the target was seen as a representative of his culture. These results suggest that when a cultural symbol is implicated in a widely‐circulated scandal, the negative emotions directed towards the scandalous individual can be alleviated when the public remains confident in his or her commitment to morality.     

一类命题逻辑的一般弱框架择类语义

命题逻辑的一般弱框架择类语义是相干邻域语义的变形,其特点是：采用择类运算来刻画逻辑常项;语义运算与逻辑联结词之间有清晰的对应关系,可以从整体上处理一类逻辑,具有普适性。本文将这种语义用于一类B、C、K、W命题逻辑,包括相干逻辑R及其线性片段、直觉主义逻辑及其BCK片段等,并借助典范框架和典范赋值,证明了这些逻辑系统的可靠性和完全性。     

物体颜色与质地相似度对幼儿归纳推理的影响

设计了3个实验任务,探讨物体颜色相似度与质地相似度对140名4~6岁幼儿和40名成年人的归纳推理的影响。结果发现,在任务1中,当靶物体质地保持不变时,幼儿和成年人在归纳推理中倾向于选择与靶物体在颜色上更相似的物体;在任务2中,当靶物体颜色不变时,幼儿和成年人倾向于选择与靶物体在质地上更相似的物体;在任务3中,当测试物体在颜色相似度和质地相似度上发生相反变化时,4岁幼儿显著地依赖于质地相似度进行归纳,颜色相似度在5~6岁时的重要性明显提高,但仍略低于质地相似性,差异不显著,这表明颜色相似度和质地相似度在幼儿的归纳推理中具有不同程度的重要性。对成年人而言,颜色相似度虽然看起来比质地相似度相对更重要性,但差异不显著。     

医疗人工智能产品研发的伦理审查与法律考量

国内医疗人工智能研究日益增多,具有多学科合作,并以数据驱动的特点。走访深圳开展健康领域人工智能研发的企业、医疗机构以及研究机构的开发者,了解到存在监管不足、数据收集及处理过程欠缺标准化、责任不清等挑战。并且,面临应该如何遵循医学科研伦理审查原则,如何合法合规收集、利用、共享数据并界定责任等问题。从医院进行伦理审查实践层面探讨医疗人工智能的研究价值、科学有效性、风险受益等的审查要点;医疗人工智能研究的法律考量主要包括个人信息收集和利用的边界,以及侵权责任主体的认定。     

中医药典籍语言的美学化特征探析

中医药典籍是传播中医基础理论与临床经验的重要载体,既有严谨的科学性特征,同时具备较强的艺术表现力,反映出与当时文化背景及医学科学相适应的美学化特征,使读者能够在学习中医医理的同时了解其蕴藏于语言中的深厚文化内涵。古代中医药典籍通过合理运用委婉语、隐喻、幽默、比兴等不同文学表现手法对复杂的中医学理论进行形象化阐释,实现中医语言客观性与艺术性的和谐统一,使之既易于世人理解与接受,又显示出其深厚的人文气息和鲜明的艺术特征,有利于推动中医药文化的传播、继承与发展。