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261.
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Reactions to self-discrepant feedback were theoretically and experimentally investigated. The conceptual frame was provided by the theory of symbolic self-completion. Starting from the assumption that attitudes can function as central aspects of self-definition, 81 female subjects were either presented with feedback that their attitudes were unfeminist (treatment, i.e. incompleteness condition) or they received no feedback (control condition) Then they were given the opportunity for self-symbolizing by subscribing to a feminist journal. Subjects with strongly pro-feminist attitudes who were made incomplete with respect to their feminist self-definition subscribed more often and more intensively to the feminist journal than others. The results illustrate that attitudes can take on the character of self-definitions. Furthermore, reactions to self-discrepant feedback concerning a central attitude were as predicted by the theory of symbolic self-completion. 相似文献
263.
Rudolf Schüßler 《Erkenntnis》1986,24(2):219-234
Zusammenfassung In diesem Aufsatz wird ein neues Paradoxon vorgestellt, der Super-Lügner. Er ist stärker als alle bekannten Lügner-Sätze, nicht mehr eindeutig selbstreferentiell und läßt sich darüber hinaus nicht eindeutig in die Tarski-Hierarchie einordnen. Eine unendlich große Familie von Super-Lügnern auf Metaebenen ist konstruierbar. Schließlich widersetzt sich der Super-Lügner der Auflösung durch die neue vielversprechende Reflexionslogik LR von U. Blau. 相似文献
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Rudolf Baumann 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1967,2(3):184-198
Investigating the effects of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism and on the central nervous system (C.N.S.) under conditions of rest and of stress in dogs and in rats, using the conditional reflex method and measuring the nitrogen and phosphate brain metabolites and the blood sugar differences, the author found that cerebral glucose metabolism is dependent upon insulin, and that if glucose supplies are adequate, insulin stimulates C.N.S. performance within 15–20 minutes. The C.N.S. and blood sugar reactivity depend upon the environmental situation: the conditional stimuli for stress increase glycemia. Animals under stress went into shock even though their glycemic levels were relatively high, whereas those at rest did not go into shock or sometimes reacted with slight symptoms of somnolence even at a lower glycemic level. In experimental hyperglycemia the level rises even more during stress, with ensuing coma, especially with larger doses of insulin. An increase of inhibition with reduced learning precedes the glycemic irregularities. Thus, insulin directly influences the central nervous system. 相似文献
266.
Felix C. Brodbeck Rudolf Kerschreiter Andreas Mojzisch Dieter Frey Stefan Schulz‐Hardt 《European journal of social psychology》2002,32(1):35-56
Previous research in group decision making has found that in situations of a hidden profile (i.e. the best choice alternative is hidden from individual members as they consider their pre‐discussion information), unshared information is disproportionately neglected and sub‐optimal group choices are highly likely. In an experimental study, three‐person groups decided which of three candidates to select for a professorial appointment. We hypothesised that minority dissent in pre‐discussion preferences improves the consideration of unshared information in groups and increases the discovery rate of hidden profiles. As predicted, consideration of unshared information increased with minority dissent. The expectation of an improvement of group decision quality was partially supported. In diversity groups (i.e. each member prefers a different alternative) consideration of unshared information and group decision quality was significantly higher than in simple minority groups. Results are discussed in the light of theories of minority influence. The benefits of using the hidden profile paradigm with minority and diversity groups for theory development in the area of group decision making are highlighted. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
267.
Marianne Schmid Mast 《Sex roles》2005,53(11-12):919-924
The present research was designed to test whether people who expect social relationships to be structured like pecking orders (interpersonal hierarchy expectation, IHE) are also prone to stereotyping and whether this relation is moderated by gender. In two studies, a total of 203 participants completed a self-report questionnaire on IHE (Interpersonal Hierarchy Expectation Scale, IHES) and either a questionnaire that measures a general tendency to stereotype (Acceptance of Stereotyping Questionnaire, ASQ, Study 1) or a projective measure that assesses the specific gender stereotype that low dominance positions are occupied by women and high dominance positions by men (Study 2). Results showed that both stereotyping measures were related to IHE, but only for men. Moreover, trait dominance did not mediate the relation between IHE and stereotyping. 相似文献
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269.
A significant body of research points to the central role of identity in creating and maintaining conflict. However, less research has focused on the protective role of social identity in such situations. Using a survey sample of 3,000 participants, 2,000 of whom were resident in a conflict-affected region (Northern Ireland) and 1,000 in a region more distally affected (the Border counties of the Republic of Ireland) the potential moderating and mediating impact of national identification on the relationship between direct and indirect experience of political violence and psychological well-being is examined. Findings indicate that national identification mediates the impact of direct political violence on well-being in Northern Ireland. This relationship is strongest where preferred nationality is relevant to the social division underlying the conflict. Those more distally affected, resident in the Republic of Ireland, did not evidence this pattern of relationships. Discussion of results focuses on the potential positive and negative implications of these findings for personal and societal well-being, respectively. 相似文献
270.
Sources of accuracy in the empathic accuracy paradigm 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1