Bidirectional Mediating Role of Loneliness in the Association Between Shyness and Generalized Pathological Internet Use in Chinese University Students: A Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Analysis

Abstract

This 1-year longitudinal study examined the bidirectional mediating role of loneliness in the association between shyness and generalized pathological Internet use (GPIU) in a sample of 291 Chinese university students (143 men, mean age =?19.07?years). A fully cross-lagged panel design was used in which shyness, loneliness, and GPIU were assessed at 3 time points separated by 6-month intervals (named T1, T2, and T3). The results indicated that relationships among shyness, loneliness, and GPIU were dynamic and bidirectional. Specifically, T1 shyness positively predicted increased T2 loneliness, T2 shyness positively predicted increased T3 loneliness, and T2 loneliness positively predicted increased T3 shyness. Additionally, T1 GPIU positively predicted increased T2 loneliness, T2 GPIU positively predicted increased T3 loneliness, and T2 loneliness positively predicted increased T3 GPIU. Loneliness was found to play a bidirectional mediating role in the association between shyness and GPIU. Specifically, T1 shyness and T3 GPIU were mediated through increased loneliness at T2, and T1 GPIU and T3 shyness were mediated through increased loneliness at T2. Furthermore, relationships among shyness, loneliness, and GPIU were the same across the 2 groups, with the strength of relationships being stronger for men.     

Aggregation behavior of Au atoms and atomic islands on liquid surfaces

The aggregation behavior of Au atoms and atomic islands on silicone oil surfaces has been systematically investigated by analyzing the evolution of surface coverage. The apparent Au surface coverage increases linearly with the nominal film thickness at low thicknesses and the rate of increase is almost independent of deposition flux. However, as the deposition flux increases, the surface coverage goes up linearly. Further analysis reveals that the deposition flux strongly affects the system free-energy of the island-oil system and therefore the aggregation behavior of the Au atoms and islands.     

Influence of Hostile Media Perception on Willingness to Engage in Discursive Activities: An Examination of Mediating Role of Media Indignation

This study examines the mediating role of media indignation, a set of negative emotional reactions to media coverage perceived to have partisan bias, between hostile media perception (HMP) and its consequences in behavioral willingness, more specifically, willingness to engage in discursive activities. It is examined together with a cognitive pathway through individuals' inference on opinion climate. Data from a web-based survey of university students (N = 696) on three controversial issues were analyzed. Findings showed that the degree of perceived partisan bias in mainstream media coverage on an issue was positively related to the intensity of media indignation and levels of incongruity between one's own opinion and perceived majority opinion. Media indignation in turn had a significant and positive effect on willingness to engage in discursive activities across all three issues, mediating the effect of HMP on behavioral willingness, whereas self-majority opinion incongruity did not. Theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.     

2002年:中国医疗纠纷处理的重大转折

2002年4月1日开始实施的《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》,要求医院对医疗行为与损害的因果关系和不存在医疗过错承担举证责任,一时间,医院对此忿忿不平,百姓对此拍手叫好,4月15日,期待已久的《国务院医疗事故处理条例》缍正式颁布,与1987年颁布的《医疗事故处理办法》相比有了重大改变,中国医疗纠纷的处理在2002年发生了重大转折,对此进行了详细分析,与大多数人的观点不同,认为前者恰恰对医院有利,而后者对医院更为严格。     

多元文化的心理咨询与治疗理论刍议

随着西方社会人口比例的改变,以及后现代文化思潮的冲击,西方传统心理咨询与治疗理论的局限性日益凸显。多元文化的咨询与治疗理论(MCT理论)就是在这种条件下产生的,它试图弥补传统咨询与治疗理论忽视文化因素的不足。MCT理论认为,应修正传统理论中的文化偏见,在咨询过程中增强文化敏感性。     

第二代解放神学——草民神学管窥

本文通过对阿根廷神学家斯坎诺内著作的分析,讨论了解放神学的基本脉络,特别指出六八年世界范围内的革命这一事件对解放神学的重大意义,在教会内部则是有着长久历史的社会教义传统本身可以提供对解放神学的支持,这在解放神学的方法论问题上尤为重要,而在方法论上的不同使得第二代解放神学有别于第一代解放神学.最后笔者吁请关注六八年,关注拉丁美洲.     

Working memory capacity of biological movements predicts empathy traits

Working memory (WM) and empathy are core issues in cognitive and social science, respectively. However, no study so far has explored the relationship between these two constructs. Considering that empathy takes place based on the others’ observed experiences, which requires extracting the observed dynamic scene into WM and forming a coherent representation, we hypothesized that a sub-type of WM capacity, i.e., WM for biological movements (BM), should predict one’s empathy level. Therefore, WM capacity was measured for three distinct types of stimuli in a change detection task: BM of human beings (BM; Experiment 1), movements of rectangles (Experiment 2), and static colors (Experiment 3). The first two stimuli were dynamic and shared one WM buffer which differed from the WM buffer for colors; yet only the BM conveyed social information. We found that BM-WM capacity was positively correlated with both cognitive and emotional empathy, with no such correlations for WM capacity of movements of rectangles or of colors. Thus, the current study is the first to provide evidence linking a specific buffer of WM and empathy, and highlights the necessity for considering different WM capacities in future social and clinical research.     

欧洲哲学视野中的"知识"和"道德"——读列维纳斯《存在之外》一些感想

追问“什么”是欧洲形而上学的核心,它真正追问的乃是人与自然的关系,也就是在理性观照下,事物在不同层次上的显现与本质。事物的这种显现与本质,既是它们的存在,也是关于它们的知识。但是,对于列维纳斯来说,在人与自然的关系之前,尚有人与他人的关系。这种关系外于“知识”,外于“存在”。因为它是自由者间的关系,他者不可由“我”来显现、观照,是完全异于“我”的。因此,人与人之间首先是伦理-道德的关系,而不是知识的关系。在这个意义上,伦理-道德外于、高于知识。然而,对于人这种有限存在者来说,他的一切知识,实质上都是对“不断（的经验事物）”的一种断,都是在不全处作出全的论断。因此,知识实乃包含着自由与责任于自身。换言之,伦理-道德也在知识中,知识实际上也是事物的一种自由的存在。因此,存在论-知识论与伦理学之关系,是否如列维纳斯所认为的那样,仍值得深究。     

试析学校体育对青少年社会性格的影响

社会性格是指在一定社会结构中的大多数人为了适应社会条件的需要而共同具有的稳定的心理特征倾向及其行为习惯方式。学校体育运动可以为人们提供多种活动情景,对参与者或观看者产生一定的影响,为培养良好的社会性格创造有利的条件。     

心理治疗领域的本质论与社会建构论

本质论与社会建构论是心理治疗领域中两种对立倾向。本质论坚持了经验实证主义的传统,代表着心理治疗领域中的现代主义取向;这一取向把病理心理作为行为问题的本质,从个体的内部寻找产生病理心理的原因。社会建构论挑战经验实证主义科学观,认为病理心理并非一种“精神实在”,而是一种文化建构。它代表了心理治疗领域的后现代主义取向。作者认为,两种取向的对立短时间内难以消解,在目前的条件下,应开放和宽容,互补互惠。