Absolute Error

School of Physical Education and Recreation The University of British Columbia The purpose of this investigation was to re-examine the measures of algebraic error (CE), absolute error (AE), and within-S variance (VE). in an attempt to arrive at unambiguous definitions regarding the statistical and logical meanings of these three performance variables. Under the assumption of a normal distribution, the statistic AE is completely dependent on CE and VE and thus can be predicted from them. This shows that all information contained in the term AE is contained in either CE (when the ratio $$\text{C}\text{E}/\sqrt{\text{V}\text{E}} > \text{2}\text{.0}$$), or in VE (when CE ? 0.0) or in a weighted combination of both CE and VE (when $$0<\text{C}\text{E}/\sqrt{\text{V}\text{E}}<2.0$$). Examples are provided to show the type of errors made in interpreting significant findings when AE is the dependent variable.     

Neighborhood crime as a predictor of individual differences in emotional processing and regulation

Emerging research suggests that early exposure to environmental adversity has important implications for the development of brain regions associated with emotion regulation, yet little is known about how such adversity translates into observable differences in children's emotion‐related behavior. The present study examines the relationship between geocoded neighborhood crime and urban pre‐adolescents' emotional attention, appraisal, and response. Results indicate that living in a high‐crime neighborhood is associated with greater selective attention toward negatively valenced emotional stimuli on a dot probe task, less biased appraisal of fear on a facial identification task, and lower rates of teacher‐reported internalizing behaviors in the classroom. These findings suggest that children facing particularly high levels of environmental threat may develop different regulatory processes (e.g. greater use of emotional suppression) than their peers from low‐crime neighborhoods in order to manage the unique stressors and social demands of their communities.