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191.
Time perception performance was systematically investigated in adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD). Specifically, the effects of manipulating modality (auditory and visual) and length of duration (200 and
1000 ms) were examined. Forty-six adolescents with ADHD and 44 controls were administered four duration discrimination tasks
and two control tasks, and a set of standardized measures. Participants with ADHD had higher thresholds than controls on all
of the duration discrimination tasks, with the largest effect size obtained on the visual 1000 ms duration discrimination
task. No group differences were observed on the control tasks. Visual–spatial memory was found to be a significant predictor
of visual and auditory duration discrimination at longer intervals (1000 ms) in the ADHD sample, whereas auditory verbal working
memory predicted auditory discrimination at longer intervals (1000 ms) in the control sample. These group differences suggest
impairments in basic timing mechanisms in ADHD. 相似文献
192.
A longitudinal study of 25 families, with children aged 14 months-5 years, in joint custody, is reported. Varying motivations that lead divorcing parents to undertake and sustain joint custody are discussed, together with the stresses and gratifications of these arrangements for the parents and children. Findings are that where both parents are motivated primarily by interest in the child, where the parenting is sensitive and where the child is shielded from interparental conflict, young children do well. Such families were not the majority in this study. Significant differences emerged in the adjustment of the 1–3 age group as compared with the 3–5 age group which point to greater difficulties for the 3–5-year-olds. 相似文献
193.
194.
Rosemary Tannock Russell Schachar Gordon Logan 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1995,23(2):235-266
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to assess the acute effects of placebo and three doses of methylphenidate (MPH) (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 mg/kg) on cognitive flexibility and overt behavior in 28 children with a confirmed diagnosis of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Two underlying cognitive processes (response inhibition and response reengagement) were assessed by measuring the probability and speed with which subjects could inhibit responses to a primary task (forced-choice letter discrimination) and immediately execute a response to a secondary task (simple reaction time) when given a signal to do so. Results indicated that MPH enhanced cognitive flexibility, although the high dose was less effective than lower doses in enhancing response inhibition. Dissociations of dose effects on cognitive function and behavior were demonstrated: Dose-response functions for changes in behavior were linear, whereas the function for response inhibition was U-shaped. Findings argue against the typical clinical practice of determining the response to stimulant treatment from a single measure such as parent report of child behavior. 相似文献
195.
196.
David E. McIntosh Rosemary Mulkins Laqueta Pardue-Vaughn Laura L. B. Barnes Betty E. Gridley 《Journal of School Psychology》1992,30(4):355-361
The canonical relationship of the Verbal and Nonverbal clusters of the Differential Ability Scales Upper Preschool Level was studied. The two clusters share 45% of their variance. Independent interpretation of the Verbal and Nonverbal scales was supported. 相似文献
197.
198.
This investigation assessed the relationship of race and delinquent status with the noncontent verbal behavior of adolescent males. A standardized videotape interview was used to ensure consistent stimulus presentation. Sixteen white and sixteen black delinquents were compared with equal numbers of nondelinquents on the noncontent verbal measures of total time (performance time), units (frequency), and latency. It was predicted that nondelinquents would be more verbal than delinquents and whites would be more verbal than blacks. No racial differences were found. Delinquents, however, were found to talk significantly less than nondelinquents and to have significantly longer verbal latencies. Discussion of these results centered on the verbal demand characteristics of certain settings, such as classrooms and court hearings. 相似文献
199.
200.
Rosemary Pierrel J. Gilmour Sherman Scot Blue Frederick W. Hegge 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1970,13(1):17-35
The acquisition of auditory intensity discriminations in rats trained on multiple variable-interval extinction schedules was studied as a function of some of the variables that contribute to the speed of development of differential responding and the final level attained. The effects of three variables were isolated and studied in detail: (1) the decibel difference between the discriminative stimuli (intensity difference); (2) the intensity relationship between the stimuli (relative intensity); and (3) the position of the stimuli on the intensity continuum (absolute intensity). Each of the three variables generated orderly relationships and interacted with one another to produce complex effects upon differential responding. 相似文献