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681.
Lars Dittrich Jonas Rose Jens-Uwe Frank Buschmann Morgane Bourdonnais Onur Güntürkün 《Animal cognition》2010,13(1):133-143
The pigeon is a standard animal in comparative psychology and is frequently used to investigate visuocognitive functions.
Nonetheless, the strategies that pigeons use to discriminate complex visual stimuli remain a difficult area of study. In search
of a reliable method to identify features that control the discrimination behaviour, pecking location was tracked using touch
screen technology in a people-absent/people-present discrimination task. The correct stimuli contained human figures anywhere
on the picture, but the birds were not required to peck on that part. However, the stimuli were designed in a way that only
the human figures contained distinguishing information. All pigeons focused their pecks on a subarea of the distinctive human
figures, namely the heads. Removal of the heads significantly impaired performance, while removal of other distinctive parts
did not. Thus, peck tracking reveals the location within a complex visual stimulus that controls discrimination behaviour,
and might be a valuable tool to reveal the strategies pigeons apply in visual discrimination tasks. 相似文献
682.
- Beyond its probable effect on preventing financial problems, frugality may contribute to consumer well‐being in other ways. Using survey data collected from American undergraduates, in this paper we demonstrate that frugality is negatively associated with several types of alcohol use. These relationships hold even when sex and impulsivity are controlled. To further substantiate the link between frugality and college‐student drinking, we confirmed that typical amount spent on alcohol mediates the relations between frugality and each type of drinking we assessed. These results are consistent with suggestions that young adults' drinking‐related choices are subject to price considerations and that policy makers may be able to leverage such considerations to prevent excessive drinking.
683.
A Report on a Four-Year Longitudinal Study of Intellectual Development of Engineering Undergraduates
John C. Wise Sang Ha Lee Thomas Litzinger Rose M. Marra Betsy Palmer 《Journal of Adult Development》2004,11(2):103-110
As part of an investigation into the effects of curricular reforms in the undergraduate program in the College of Engineering, a series of Perry-style interviews were conducted over a 4-year period. The study was undertaken in an attempt to assess the impact of collaborative design-based engineering courses that were being implemented. Students who completed the collaborative design course in their first year were higher on the Perry scale than their peers who did not. However, this effect was not sustained through the rest of the curriculum, as more traditional courses dominated. No statistically significant change in Perry position was observed for students in their 1st and 3rd years; however, a growth of approximately one Perry position was observed between the 3rd and 4th years. The relationship of current curricula to this pattern of intellectual development is discussed, and arguments for altering the curriculum to support intellectual development are made. 相似文献
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685.
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review - Increasing evidence indicates that the subjective experience of recollection is diminished in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to neurotypical... 相似文献
686.
The Psychological Record - Two experiments investigated baseline reviews as a relevant variable in reorganization of equivalence classes. After formation of three 4-member classes, participants... 相似文献
687.
Michael A. Busseri Linda Rose‐Krasnor 《The British journal of developmental psychology》2009,27(4):907-933
In recent years, an impressive volume of evidence has accumulated demonstrating that youth involvement in structured, organized activities (e.g. school sports, community clubs) may facilitate positive youth development. We present a theory‐based framework for studying structured activity involvement (SAI) as a context for positive youth development based on two key dimensions: breadth and intensity of involvement. Our main goal is to demonstrate the separability, salience, and developmental significance of these two dimensions. We review three developmental theoretical approaches (identity development, life‐span selection–optimization–compensation theory, and affordances) that support our conceptualization of breadth and intensity as salient and significant dimensions of SAI. We also summarize our recent program of research on SAI demonstrating the separability of breadth and intensity dimensions, which shows links between these dimensions and indicators of positive development. Finally, we discuss how the proposed breadth‐intensity approach could be used to extend research on the linkage between youth SAI and successful development. 相似文献
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689.
Using a school-based sample of Washington, DC, fifth graders (mean age 10.38, SD = 0.66) and their parents (N = 408), we examined associations of pubertal development with early adolescents' sexual and nonsexual risk behaviors and their caregivers' parenting behaviors; and of these risk behaviors with parenting behaviors. Youths reporting signs of pubertal development were more likely to engage in these risk behaviors than students reporting no signs. Pubertal development was not related to parenting behaviors; however, parents of youths who reported multiple nonsexual risk behaviors reported more parent-child communication about sexual topics. These results highlight the need to begin risk prevention efforts early, prior to pubertal development. Research is needed to understand how parents can help youths better cope with pubertal development to avoid involvement in sexual and nonsexual risk behaviors. 相似文献
690.