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141.
In the present study, the use of knowledge space theory (KST), jointly with formal concept analysis (FCA), is proposed for
developing a formal representation of the relations between the items of a questionnaire and a set of psychodiagnostic criteria.
This formal representation can be used to develop an efficient adaptive tool for psychological assessment. Rusch and Wille
(1996) have shown some interesting connections between KST and FCA; these connections are applied in the construction of knowledge
structures, starting from a formal context representing the relations between items and criteria. The proposed general methodology
was applied, as an example, to the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Questionnaire. We used a data set provided by a sample
of patients with a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder to validate the obtained structures. The parameters of the basic
local independence model (BLIM) were estimated for the obtained knowledge structures. The fit of each model was tested by
parametric bootstrap because of the sparseness of the derived data matrix. The results are discussed in light of both psychological
and methodological relapses. In particular, we propose a reinterpretation of the BLIM parameters that seems suitable for testing
reliability and construct validity; furthermore, it is pointed out how the obtained structures could represent the starting
point for the development of a computerized assessment tool. 相似文献
142.
Luca Bindi 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(7):533-541
To study the temperature-dependent structural changes and to analyze the crystal chemical behavior of silver as a function of temperature, a crystal of muthmannite, AuAgTe2, has been investigated by X-ray single-crystal diffraction methods at 300 K and 110 K. At room temperature, muthmannite was confirmed as belonging to the space group P2/m, while at low temperature (110 K) it undergoes a reversible commensurate–incommensurate phase transition with a modulation wave vector q = 0.215(1)a* + 0.379(2)c*. Muthmannite reconverts to the commensurate type upon returning to room temperature, thus indicating that the phase transition is completely reversible in character. The average structure of the low-temperature muthmannite remains monoclinic, space group P2/m, and shows only normal thermal compression over the entire temperature range investigated. Crystal-chemical characteristics are compared with published data on the other members of the system Au–Ag–Te. Speculations on the possible origin of the modulated structure at low temperature are also given. 相似文献
143.
Gloria Di Filippo Maria de Luca Anna Judica Donatella Spinelli Pierluigi Zoccolotti 《Child neuropsychology》2013,19(2):141-149
The effect of lexicality and stimulus length was studied in 32 third- and fourth-grade Italian dyslexics and in 86 age-matched controls. A visual lexical decision task was used. As proposed by Faust et al. (1999), the results were analyzed in terms of raw reaction time (RT) data and using the z-score transformation to control for the presence of overadditivity effects. In terms of RTs, dyslexics showed a larger difference between words and nonwords (lexicality effect) and between short and long stimuli (length effect) than proficient readers. When data were transformed into z scores, only the group by length interaction remained significant while that with lexicality vanished. This pattern indicates that stimulus length has a specific role in Italian dyslexics’ reading deficit; in contrast, slowness in responding to nonwords was not specific but was interpreted as one aspect of dyslexics’ general inability to deal with alphabetical material (overadditivity effect). 相似文献
144.
Luca Latini-Corazzini Marie Pascale Nesa Mathieu Ceccaldi Eric Guedj Catherine Thinus-Blanc Franco Cauda Federico Dagata Patrick Péruch 《Psychological research》2010,74(6):545-559
We investigated the characteristics of route and survey processing of a unique complex virtual environment both at the behavioral
and brain levels. Prior to fMRI scanning, participants were trained to follow a route and to learn the spatial relationships
between several places, acquiring both route and survey knowledge from a ground-level perspective. During scanning, snapshots
of the environment were presented, and participants were required to either indicate the direction to take to follow the route
(route task), or to locate unseen targets (survey task). Data suggest that route and survey processing are mainly supported
by a common occipito-fronto-parieto-temporal neural network. Our results are consistent with those gathered in studies concerning
the neural bases of route versus survey knowledge acquired either from different perspectives or in different environments.
However, rather than arguing for a clear distinction between route and survey processing, “mixed” strategies are likely to
be involved when both types of encoding take place in the same environment. 相似文献
145.
Using the violation-of-expectancy method, we investigated 10-month-old infants' ability to rely on dynamic features in object individuation processes. Infants were first familiarized to events in which two different objects repeatedly appeared and disappeared, one at a time from behind a screen; at test, the screen was removed, revealing either one or two objects. In Experiment 1, one self-moving non-rigid agent and one inert object were involved in each trial, while in Experiment 2 two different agents were presented. Infants preferred to look at one-object outcomes in Experiment 1, but they did not show any preference for one- or two-object outcomes in Experiment 2. The results suggest that infants can use dynamic information to detect agents in complex individuation tasks before they can rely on shape or surface features. We propose that the sortals agent and inert object appear in development before 12 months without a substantial contribution of linguistic experience. These findings may motivate a revision of current theories on the development of kind-based individuation and object files. 相似文献
146.
Abstract Rescue workers are frequently exposed to highly stressful situations during their everyday work activity. Stress and coping theory emphasizes the interaction between primary and secondary appraisal in determining coping responses to stressful events and quality of life. According to Social Cognitive Theory, stress reactions depend on self-appraisal of coping capabilities. The present study investigated whether self-efficacy moderates the relationship between stress appraisal and professional quality of life. A self-administered questionnaire was submitted to a sample of 451 Italian rescue workers (firefighters, paramedics, and medical technicians), including the Professional Quality of Life Scale, which measures three dimensions of emergency workers' quality of working life: compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction. Multiple regression analyses indicated that the relationship between stress appraisal and professional quality of life was significant only among rescue workers with low levels of self-efficacy but not among those with higher levels of self-efficacy. These results confirmed the expectations based on Social Cognitive Theory that self-efficacy buffers the impact of perceived stressful encounters on professional quality of life. Results suggest the usefulness of interventions aimed at increasing rescue workers' psychosocial skills. 相似文献
147.
Simona Ghedin Alberto Semi Luca Caldironi Cristina Marogna Francesco Piccione 《The American journal of family therapy》2013,41(1):15-26
ABSTRACTThis research wants to verify the effectiveness of couple's treatment, when a neurodegenerative disease affects one of the two partners. The disease affects not only the ailing individual, but also the dynamics within the couple. Fourteen patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases participated in an emotionally focused couple therapy (EFT) with their spouses. We collected a measure of the quality of life (SF-36) and relationship satisfaction (DAS) at the beginning and at the end of the treatment for both partners. The results show an improvement in quality of life and couple contentment, underlining the usefulness of such a psychotherapeutic intervention on the couple. 相似文献
148.
Dora Capozza Elena Trifiletti Loris Vezzali Luca Andrighetto 《Basic and applied social psychology》2013,35(1):60-68
Image theory was tested in the context of Italian/American relationships. Participants were Italian students. In addition to the images of ally, barbarian, imperialist, enemy, a new image was suggested: that of father. We predicted that political orientation would affect the structural perceptions (goal compatibility, relative power, relative status), and, as a consequence, the image of Americans: right-wing participants should prefer the images of father and ally, while left-wing participants should associate Americans with barbarian. Findings generally supported our predictions; also the figure of father obtained some support. The theoretical and practical implications of results are discussed. 相似文献
149.
Peter Kramer Stefano Massaccesi Luca Semenzato Stefano Cecchetto Paola Bressan 《Behavior research methods》2013,45(1):267-271
During central fixation, a moving pattern of nontargets induces repeated temporary blindness to even salient peripheral targets: motion-induced blindness (MIB). Hitherto, behavioral measures of MIB have relied on subjective judgments. Here, we offer an objective alternative that builds on earlier findings regarding the effects of MIB on the detectability of physical target offsets. We propose a small modification of regular MIB displays: Following a variable duration (lead time), one of the targets is physically removed. Subjects are to respond immediately afterward. We hypothesize that illusory target offsets, caused by MIB, are mistaken for physical target offsets and that errors should thus increase with lead time. Indeed, for both nonsalient and salient targets, we found that detection accuracy for physical target offsets dramatically decreased with lead time. We conclude that target offset detection accuracy is a valid objective measure of MIB. With our method, effects of guessing are minimal, and the fitting of psychometric functions is straightforward. In principle, a staircase extension—for more efficient data collection—is also possible. 相似文献
150.
Luca Moretti 《Analysis》2003,63(280):297-300