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101.
Human cognitive abilities inter-correlate to form a positive matrix, from which a large first factor, called ‘Spearman's g’ or general intelligence, can be extracted. General intelligence itself is correlated with many important health outcomes including cardio-vascular function and longevity. However, the important evolutionary question of whether intelligence is a fitness-related trait has not been tested directly, let alone answered. If the correlations among cognitive abilities are part of a larger matrix of positive associations among fitness-related traits, then intelligence ought to correlate with seemingly unrelated traits that affect fitness—such as semen quality. We found significant positive correlations between intelligence and 3 key indices of semen quality: log sperm concentration (r = .15, p = .002), log sperm count (r = .19, p < .001), and sperm motility (r = .14, p = .002) in a large sample of US Army Veterans. None was mediated by age, body mass index, days of sexual abstinence, service in Vietnam, or use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, or hard drugs. These results suggest that a phenotype-wide fitness factor may contribute to the association between intelligence and health. Clarifying whether a fitness factor exists is important theoretically for understanding the genomic architecture of fitness-related traits, and practically for understanding patterns of human physical and psychological health. 相似文献
102.
Russell Tisinger Natalie Stroud Kimberly Meltzer Brett Mueller Rachel Gans 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2005,18(2):41-51
By integrating what is known about how people navigate the overwhelming tide of political information with research on usability,
the experiments reported in this article aim to provide information about how to create political websites that are usable,
engaging, and educational. This article reports on a series of four different experiments (n=478) comparing a simpler and
more easily navigable website to a more complex and interactive website. The types of websites tested include: adwatches,
issue grids, candidate biographies, and campaign finance sites. The results suggest that simpler, more navigable websites
are preferred to more interactive websites with web tools. Results also suggest that more political information is not always
preferable, as in most cases, participants rated sites with more political information lower.
Brett A. Mueller received a master’s degree from the Annenberg School for Communication in 2002. This research is supported
by a grant from The Pew Charitable Trusts; Dr. Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Primary Investigator. The authors than Joyce Garczynski,
Jon Stromer-Galley, Svjetlana Tepavcevic, and Dannagal Goldthwaite Young for their work on the project. 相似文献
103.
Rosalind Carey 《Philosophical Investigations》2003,26(3):278-281
Book reviewed:
Matthew B. Ostrow. Wittgenstein's Tractatus: A Dialectical Interpretation. 相似文献
Matthew B. Ostrow. Wittgenstein's Tractatus: A Dialectical Interpretation. 相似文献
104.
Sean D. Roberts Daniel Stroud Matthew J. Hoag Katie E. Massey 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2017,95(1):45-55
This article details a 3‐year outdoor behavioral health care outcome study. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze data from 186 young adults in a wilderness therapy program. Participants completed the Outcome Questionnaire–45.2 (Lambert et al., 2004 ) 6 times from Week 1 to 18‐month postdischarge follow‐up. Results indicated that clinically and statistically significant change occurred in treatment. Rates of change varied, and posttreatment scores remained stable, thus demonstrating that in‐treatment gains were maintained. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed. 相似文献
105.
Rosalind M. Chow Brian S. Lowery Eric D. Knowles 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2008,44(4):1073-1081
The present paper provides evidence that dominant-group members distinguish dominance framed as ingroup superiority from dominance framed as outgroup inferiority, and that ingroup superiority enhances esteem for, and thus identification with, the group more than outgroup inferiority. In Experiment 1, Democrats report higher levels of party identification after being told that Democrats won an election than after being told that Republicans lost the election. These effects are attenuated among dominant group members whose values are in conflict with how dominance was achieved. In Experiments 2a and 2b, unearned dominance framed as ingroup superiority resulted in higher levels of White identification than unearned dominance framed as outgroup inferiority among Whites who did not value meritocracy. In contrast, Whites who valued meritocracy did not increase their levels of identification with the group. In Experiment 2b, this interactive effect on racial identification was mediated by esteem for the group. 相似文献
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109.
Benita Jackson Laura D Kubzansky Sheldon Cohen David R Jacobs Rosalind J Wright 《Health psychology》2007,26(3):333-340
OBJECTIVE: To examine the cross-sectional association between hostility and pulmonary function (PF) and its consistency across race/ethnicity-gender groups. DESIGN: Data were from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA) cohort study (N=4,629). Participants were recruited from 4 metropolitan areas in the United States, ages 18-30 years at baseline in 1985-1986, approximately balanced across race/ethnicity (Black, White) and gender. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Main outcome measures were percent predicted values for forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). RESULTS: In full-sample multiple linear regression analyses, each 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in hostility was associated with a 0.66% decrease in FEV-sub-1 (p=.0002) and a 0.60% decrease in FVC (p=.0006). This inverse association of hostility with PF remained after controlling for age, height, current socioeconomic status (SES), participant smoking status, and asthma and is more consistent than that of smoking and PF. In stratified analyses, each 1 SD increase in hostility predicted statistically significant reductions in PF for Black women, White women, and Black men. For White men, hostility showed no statistically significant relation with PF, although the pattern relating hostility to PF was similar to the pattern in the other three groups. Further, both of the post hoc three-way interaction terms for hostility, race/ethnicity, and gender predicting FEV-sub-1 and FVC were nonsignificant. CONCLUSION: PF was inversely associated with hostility across race/ethnicity and gender, independent of age, height, current SES, smoking, and asthma. On the basis of these cross-sectional findings, the authors hypothesize that higher hostility will predict a more rapid decline in PF. 相似文献
110.
This study reviews research on the process and outcome of parent training (PT) conducted over the past 20 years. A distinction is made between parent behavioral training and other forms of PT. It is concluded that all forms of PT research have become more molecular in the questions addressed and otherwise more scientifically rigorous. Compared to other forms of psychotherapeutic intervention, PT produces more consistently positive outcome changes and is clearly more economical of professional time and thus of consumer cost. As such, although less than 3% of all previous PT studies have dealt with prevention, PT is recommended as a potential form of secondary prevention worth consideration by applied and preventive psychologists. 相似文献