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101.
Stephan de la Rosa Giampaolo Moraglia Bruce A Schneider 《Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale》2008,62(3):150-155
Nakayama and Silverman (1986) proposed that, when searching for a target defined by a conjunction of color and stereoscopic depth, observers partition 3D space into separate depth planes and then rapidly search each such plane in turn, thereby turning a conjunctive search into a "feature" search. In their study, they found, consistent with their hypothesis, shallow search slopes when searching depth planes separated by large binocular disparities. Here, the authors investigated whether the search slope depends upon the extent of the stereoscopically induced separation between the planes to be searched (i.e., upon the magnitude of the binocular disparity. The obtained slope shows that (1) a rapid search only occurs with disparities greater than 6 min of arc, a value that vastly exceeds the stereo threshold, and that (2) the steepness of this slope increases in a major way at lower disparities. The ability to implement the search mode envisaged by Nakayama and Silverman is thus clearly limited to large disparities; less efficient search strategies are mandated by lower disparity values, as under such conditions items from one depth plane may be more likely to "intrude" upon the other. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved). 相似文献
102.
Matthew L. Dixon Justin Ruppel Jay Pratt Eve De Rosa 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2009,16(2):418-423
We examined whether the selection mechanisms committed to the suppression of ignored stimuli can be modified by experience
to produce a sustained, rather than transient, change in behavior. Subjects repeatedly ignored the shape of stimuli, while
attending to their color. On subsequent attention to shape, there was a robust and sustained decrement in performance that
was selective to when shape was ignored across multiple-colortarget contexts, relative to a single-color-target context. Thus,
amount of time ignored was not sufficient to induce a sustained performance decrement. Moreover, in this group, individual
differences in initial color target selection were associated with the subsequent performance decrement when attending to
previously ignored stimuli. Accompanying this sustained decrement in performance was a transfer in the locus of suppression
from an exemplar (e.g., a circle) to a feature (i.e., shape) level of representation. These data suggest that learning can
influence attentional selection by sustained attentional suppression of ignored stimuli. 相似文献
103.
van Mourik R Papanikolau A van Gellicum-Bijlhout J van Oostenbruggen J Veugelers D Post-Uiterweer A Sergeant JA Oosterlaan J 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(2):293-303
The view that Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with a diminished ability to control interfference is controversial and based exclusively on results of (verbal)-visual interference tasks, primarily the Stroop Color Word task. The present study compares medication-naïve children with ADHD (n?=?35 and n?=?51 in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively) with normal controls (n?=?26 and n?=?32, respectively) on two interference tasks to assess interference control in both the auditory and the visual modality: an Auditory Stroop task and a Simon task. Both groups showed reliable but equal degrees of interference on both tasks, suggesting that children with ADHD do not differ from normal controls in their ability to control interference in either modality. 相似文献
104.
105.
Rosa M. Sánchez-Casas José E. García-Albea Dianne C. Bradley 《Psychological research》1991,53(1):53-61
Summary This paper examines the evidence for an access representation based on the initial part of the word. A temporal separation technique, which presents test words in two parts, was used, and varied as to whether the first part included two, three, or four initial letters of a word. In contrast with previous studies, word-frequency effects were used to assess whether access had occurred from that initial part. Experiment 1 (in English) tested the validity of the temporal separation technique, and showed that it does impose an input segmentation. Experiments 2 (in English) and 3 (in Spanish) examined whether access to a monomorphemic word is achieved, using word frequency as a diagnostic of access. The implications of the findings for the notion of a partial input representation for access are discussed. 相似文献
106.
Recent research on hyperlexic children is reviewed and criticized. A case study of a mute hyperlexic girl is presented, along with comments on the implications of this case for theories of hyperlexia. The hypothesis is put forth that hyperlexia in children suggests the existence of an innate written language capacity. The implications of this hypothesis for linguistic theory are discussed. 相似文献
107.
Muscatello MR Bruno A Carroccio C Cedro C La Torre D Di Rosa AE Zoccali R Aragona M La Torre F Mattei A Angelone AM Di Orio F 《Psychological reports》2006,99(2):641-650
The prevalence of burnout in oncology staff was compared with that of the ophthalmology staff, who normally present a low prevalence of burnout as described in this literature. The correlation of burnout with the emotion of anger was also investigated. Thirty-six subjects working in an oncology department and 32 working in an ophthalmology department were examined using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. The oncology group showed higher mean scores on the MBI Emotive Exhaustion and Depersonalization scales with respect to ophthalmology staff. Correlation analysis showed that increasing burnout was associated with higher anger expressed towards the environment and loss of anger control. Anger, as a response to frustration, appears to be a feature constantly associated with the clinical expression of burnout and it should not be underestimated in theoretical and preventive contexts. 相似文献
108.
Arzu Karakulak Maria Stogianni Itziar Alonso-Arbiol Shanu Shukla Michael Bender Victoria Wai Lan Yeung Veljko Jovanović Pasquale Musso Rosa Scardigno Riley A. Scott Jaimee Stuart Maria-Therese Friehs Zena Toh Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir Alexios Arvanitis Carmen Buzea Stefanos Mastrotheodoros Jo-Ann Tsang Filipa Madeira Diana Miconi Nicole Russell Pascual Wade C. Rowatt Rosemary L. Al-Kire Moty Amar Tugce Aral Guy Itzchakov Sushanta Kumar Mishra Roni Porat Rocco Servidio Delia Stefenel Ergyul Tair Alexandros Gkomez 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2023,17(11):e12878
Using cross-sectional data from N = 4274 young adults across 16 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, we examined the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD) scale and tested the hypothesis that the association between PVD and fear of COVID-19 is stronger under high disease threat [that is, absence of COVID-19 vaccination, living in a country with lower Human Development Index (HDI) or higher COVID-19 mortality]. Results supported a bi-factor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling model where items loaded on a global PVD factor, and on the sub-factors of Perceived Infectability and Germ Aversion. However, cross-national invariance could only be obtained on the configural level with a reduced version of the PVD scale (PVD-r), suggesting that the concept of PVD may vary across nations. Moreover, higher PVD-r was consistently associated with greater fear of COVID-19 across all levels of disease threat, but this association was especially pronounced among individuals with a COVID-19 vaccine, and in contexts where COVID-19 mortality was high. The present research brought clarity into the dimensionality of the PVD measure, discussed its suitability and limitations for cross-cultural research, and highlighted the pandemic-related conditions under which higher PVD is most likely to go along with psychologically maladaptive outcomes, such as fear of COVID-19. 相似文献
109.
Terry A. Cronan Sonia G. Cruz Rosa I. Arriaga Andrew J. Sarkin 《American journal of community psychology》1996,24(2):251-272
Effects of a community-based literacy program on 1−, 2−, and 3-year-old children's language and conceptual development were
assessed. University students were trained to teach Head Start parents effective methods for reading to their children. Families
were randomly assigned to receive 18, 3, or 0 instructional visits. Results indicated that parents in the 18-instructional-visit
program increased their participation in appropriate literacy behaviors such as reading to their children, teaching concepts
to their children, and using the library, more than parents in the 0-instructional-visit groups. Children in the 18-instructional-visit
program showed greater gains in language and conceptual development than children in the 0-instructional-visit group. Few
differences were found between children in the 3-visti and 0-instructional-visit groups. Thus, only a high-intensity community-based
intervention designed to train parents was effective in increasing emergent literacy in low-income ethnic children.
Supported by Commission on National and Community Service grant 92HELOCA0039, the Dr. Seuss Foundation, Head Start, and the
College of Sciences at San Diego State University. The authors gratefully acknowledge William A. Hillix, Leah K. Gensheimer,
and Larry Fenson for their helpful reviews of drafts of this article, Florence Goldman for her training of tutors in techniques
for developing emergent literacy, and the many students who assisted in the implementation and evaluation of this project. 相似文献
110.
Amalia M. Calviño María Rosa García-Medina J. Enrique Cometto-muñiz Mónica B. Rodríguez Cátedra de Fisiología 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1993,54(6):751-758
In the present study, we investigated taste-taste, taste-vehicle, and simultaneous taste-vehicle-taste mixtures. Subjects made estimates of the sweetness and bitterness of 27 stimuli. Sucrose (292, 585, and 1170 mM), caffeine (13, 26, and 52 mM), and binary mixtures of low (292-13 mM), middle (585-26 mM), and high (1170-52 mM) levels of both components were dispersed in water, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) 1% w/v, and gelatin 6% w/v. The sweetness and bitterness of the sucrose-vehicle-caffeine combinations were significantly weaker than the respective sucrose-vehicle and caffeine-vehicle combinations. The emerged mutual suppressive effects were asymmetrical and persisted when both tastants were presented in CMC and gelatin. Moreover, the increase in vehicle consistency and the simultaneous addition of another taste reduced the perceived intensity of a taste either presented alone or dissolved in water. For both sweetness and bitterness, the total taste suppression observed was always significant. 相似文献