歧视知觉与农村贫困大学生孤独感:核心自我评价、朋友支持的中介作用

采用问卷测量769名贫困大学生和1014名非贫困大学生的歧视知觉、核心自我评价、朋友支持和孤独感,探讨歧视知觉对贫困/非贫困大学生的影响以及核心自我评价和朋友支持的中介作用。结果表明：（1）贫困大学生歧视知觉和孤独感显著高于非贫困大学生、核心自我评价和朋友支持显著低于非贫困大学生。（2）歧视知觉与贫困/非贫困大学生核心自我评价、朋友支持和孤独感相关显著,歧视知觉显著预测贫困/非贫困大学生孤独感。（3）贫困/非贫困大学生结构模型没有显著差异,核心自我评价和朋友支持部分中介歧视知觉对贫困/非贫困大学生孤独感的影响。     

与恐惧相关的简化刺激在不同知觉负载条件下的注意捕获效应

本研究选用视觉搜索范式,探讨了与恐惧相关的简化刺激在不同知觉负载条件下的注意捕获效应。结果发现:在分心物刺激为清晰的条件下,与恐惧相关的分心物刺激能够优先捕获被试注意,即使分心物刺激在一定程度上被简化,与恐惧相关的简化分心物刺激依然具有加工优先权,并且与恐惧相关的简化刺激在低知觉负载条件下和高知觉负载条件下的注意捕获量并没有显著差异,这一结果表明,与恐惧相关的简化刺激不受知觉负载的限制,能够自动化加工。     

高危型人类乳头瘤病毒对子宫颈癌筛查的意义

高危型人类乳头瘤病毒（HR—HPV）感染是宫颈癌发生的必要条件,本文就是否将HR—HPV纳入宫颈癌筛查进行探讨。通过对我院行宫颈癌筛查的2505例患者资料分析,结果显示对于经济条件良好或有宫颈癌高危因素的女性,细胞学检查（TCT）联合HR—HPV检测做为宫颈癌的初筛,其临床效益大于成本收益。     

《道藏》炼丹用燃料概说

《道藏》炼丹涉及的燃料问题,情形颇为复杂,并形成一套有别于古代冶铸业的燃料体系。时间越往前,炼丹中使用马通、糠火的情形就越多,至唐末宋初,道教炼丹燃料始渐渐集中于木炭,同时尝试使用其他燃料,如石炭(煤炭)、猬油、粟糠等。总的来说,《道藏》炼丹使用燃料的状况,西汉至东汉初以马通、谷糠为主,木炭次之;晋代至中唐以木炭为主,马通、谷糠次之(陶弘景专以谷糠炼丹则又不论);唐末以后几乎全用木炭。     

Time course of effects of emotion on item memory and source memory for Chinese words

Although many studies have investigated the effect of emotion on memory, it is unclear whether the effect of emotion extends to all aspects of an event. In addition, it is poorly understood how effects of emotion on item memory and source memory change over time. This study examined the time course of effects of emotion on item memory and source memory. Participants learned intentionally a list of neutral, positive, and negative Chinese words, which were presented twice, and then took test of free recall, followed by recognition and source memory tests, at one of eight delayed points of time. The main findings are (within the time frame of 2 weeks): (1) Negative emotion enhances free recall, whereas there is only a trend that positive emotion enhances free recall. In addition, negative and positive emotions have different points of time at which their effects on free recall reach the greatest magnitude. (2) Negative emotion reduces recognition, whereas positive emotion has no effect on recognition. (3) Neither positive nor negative emotion has any effect on source memory. The above findings indicate that effect of emotion does not necessarily extend to all aspects of an event and that valence is a critical modulating factor in effect of emotion on item memory. Furthermore, emotion does not affect the time course of item memory and source memory, at least with a time frame of 2 weeks. This study has implications for establishing the theoretical model regarding the effect of emotion on memory.     

青少年亲子关系与攻击性行为的关系研究

以670名小学生和初、高中学生为被试,采用问卷法考察青少年攻击性行为的特点,以及亲子关系(亲子依恋、父母教养方式)对于攻击性行为的影响。结果表明:(1)母依恋与父依恋均与攻击性行为及其各个维度有显著的负相关。(2)父母教养方式除了F4(父亲偏爱被试)、M5(母亲偏爱被试)与攻击性行为及其各个维度没有相关外,其他各个维度与攻击性行为及其各个维度均有显著的正相关或负相关。(3)亲子关系对于攻击性行为的预测上,M3(母亲拒绝、否认)、F1(父情感温暖理解)、M2(母过分干涉保护)、M4(母亲惩罚、严厉)这4个维度能预测攻击性行为23%的变异量。     

Motivating protégés' personal learning in teams: a multilevel investigation of autonomy support and autonomy orientation

This study examined the roles of 3 multilevel motivational predictors in protégés' personal learning in teams: an autonomy-supportive team climate, mentors' autonomy support, and protégés' autonomy orientation. The authors followed 305 protégés in 58 teams for 12 weeks and found that all 3 predictors were positively related to the protégés' personal learning in teams and that an autonomy-supportive team climate augmented the effects of mentors' autonomy support and protégés' autonomy orientation on protégés' personal learning in teams. Protégés' personal learning in teams mediated the interactive effects of an autonomy-supportive team climate with mentors' autonomy support or protégés' autonomy orientation on protégés' behavioral and attitudinal outcomes, including their organizational citizenship behaviors and job involvement. The findings of this study provide business researchers and practitioners with valuable insights into the management of autonomy.     

People--things and data--ideas: bipolar dimensions?

We examined a longstanding assumption in vocational psychology that people-things and data-ideas are bipolar dimensions. Two minimal criteria for bipolarity were proposed and examined across 3 studies: (a) The correlation between opposite interest types should be negative; (b) after correcting for systematic responding, the correlation should be greater than -.40. In Study 1, a meta-analysis using 26 interest inventories with a sample size of 1,008,253 participants showed that meta-analytic correlations between opposite RIASEC (realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, conventional) types ranged from -.03 to .18 (corrected meta-analytic correlations ranged from -.23 to -.06). In Study 2, structural equation models (SEMs) were fit to the Interest Finder (IF; Wall, Wise, & Baker, 1996) and the Interest Profiler (IP; Rounds, Smith, Hubert, Lewis, & Rivkin, 1999) with sample sizes of 13,939 and 1,061, respectively. The correlations of opposite RIASEC types were positive, ranging from .17 to .53. No corrected correlation met the criterion of -.40 except for investigative-enterprising (r = -.67). Nevertheless, a direct estimate of the correlation between data-ideas end poles using targeted factor rotation did not reveal bipolarity. Furthermore, bipolar SEMs fit substantially worse than a multiple-factor representation of vocational interests. In Study 3, a two-way clustering solution on IF and IP respondents and items revealed a substantial number of individuals with interests in both people and things. We discuss key theoretical, methodological, and practical implications such as the structure of vocational interests, interpretation and scoring of interest measures for career counseling, and expert RIASEC ratings of occupations.     

相似性信息的激活对情境性表征影响的年龄差异

使用视觉搜索范式研究了6岁、9岁、12岁和成人,在限时和不限时呈现材料条件下对实物图形的视觉搜索及再认。结果表明:1)限时和不限时视觉搜索任务方式对视觉搜索和再认的准确性、反应时均有显著影响。2)视觉搜索和再认的准确性随被试年龄的增长而提高,反应时则随其年龄增长而缩短。3)靶项目是否作为搜索项目出现对视觉搜索和再认的准确性没有显著影响,但对视觉搜索和再认的反应时有显著影响,靶项目的出现使视觉搜索和再认的反应时都显著缩短。4)搜索项性质对视觉搜索和再认的反应时指标有显著影响,但对准确性没有显著影响。