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991.
Attitude transference is the term that has come to be used to refer to a key process by which one's personal attitudes approving or disapproving of certain behavior reflect those of his or her primary groups and in turn affect his or her conforming or deviant behavior. Cross-cultural comparisons on this and other issues afforded by previous studies, however, have been limited primarily to examining findings that have used different samples and instructions. Drawing on previous literature on cultural variability in individualism, the present study directly tests the hypotheses that although attitude transference operates similarly across cultures, the effects of parental and peer attitudes toward deviance on one's own attitudes should be weaker and stronger, respectively, in Japan compared to the United States. The analysis of identical survey data from college students in the two societies provides mixed support for the hypotheses. 相似文献
992.
Lonn Lanza‐Kaduce Ronald L. Akers Marvin D. Krohn Marcia Radosevich 《Deviant behavior》2013,34(1-4):79-96
This investigation tests the ability of Akers’ (1977) social learning theory of deviance to account for the cessation of alcohol or drug use among adolescents. For each of five substances, two‐group discriminant function analyses showed that social learning variables were successful in discriminating adolescents who ceased using from their counterparts who continued to use. Peer associations were generally most discriminating with normative definitions and social rewards or punishments also contributing to differentiation. Positive or negative effects of the substances as well as imitation bore little relationship to cessation. Social learning theory was as explanatory for stronger drugs as it was for alcohol and marijuana. Policy and program implications are suggested. 相似文献
993.
This study examines predictors of expressed support for resistance to U.S.-led forces in Iraq among a sample of 130 university students in Baghdad. Based on a review of the literature and common discourse, personality, clash of civilization and social-psychological variables are tested as likely predictors of support for resistance. Data were collected in March 2004 during a period of relative political stability and optimism. Only social-psychological variables significantly predicted support. In particular, national identity, perceived procedural injustice, and higher life satisfaction prior to the U.S.-led invasion were significant predictors. Findings are discussed in relation to media and academic accounts explaining political violence in the current conflict. 相似文献
994.
Abstract: In Ethics 1p5, Spinoza asserts that “In Nature there cannot be two or more substances of the same nature or attribute”. This claim serves as a crucial premise in Spinoza's argument for substance monism, yet Spinoza's demonstration of the 1p5 claim is surprisingly brief and appears to have obvious difficulties. This paper answers the principle difficulties that have been raised in response to Spinoza's argument for 1p5. The key to understanding the 1p5 argument lies in a proper understanding of the substance‐attribute relationship and the principles of metaphysical individuation that Spinoza accepts. 相似文献
995.
Marion Becker RN PhD Lisa Brown PhD Ezra Ochshorn MSW Ronald Diamond MD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2009,39(2):172-181
Demographic, diagnostic, and service expenditure characteristics of Florida Medicaid enrollees who died by suicide were investigated. Among persons receiving Medicaid and Supplemental Security Income (SSI), findings indicate the most powerful predictors of suicide were involuntary psychiatric examination, mental health hospitalization, and high mental health service use. Among Medicaid enrollees not receiving SSI, strongest suicide predictors were mental health hospitalization, high expenditures for physical health medications, and involuntary psychiatric examination. Findings suggest reducing involuntary psychiatric examinations and mental health hospitalizations while improving physical health may reduce suicide in the Medicaid population. Comprehensive hospital discharge planning, adherence monitoring with follow‐up care, training mental health providers in assessing suicide lethality, and providing adequate assessment time are all crucial to achieve these objectives. 相似文献
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Child abuse is a major social concern around the world. Important to tackling the problem is an understanding of the mechanisms
contributing to abusive parenting. This article brings together research on the cognitive variables associated with abusive
or high-risk parenting. Considered are dysfunctional child-centered and parent-centered cognitions as potentially critical
correlates of abusive behavior. The development of dysfunctional cognitions is also explored. Cognitive vulnerabilities alone
are typically not sufficient for the occurrence of abuse. Interactions with additional factors, such as an ability to inhibit
aggression, problem-solving capabilities, parenting skills, social isolation, and societal context are examined. 相似文献