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131.
The lexical–semantic organization of the mental lexicon is bound to change across the lifespan. Nevertheless, the effects of lexical–semantic factors on word processing are usually based on studies enrolling young adult cohorts. The current study aims to investigate to what extent age-specific semantic organization predicts performance in referential word production over the lifespan, from school-age children to older adults. In Study 1, we conducted a free semantic association task with participants from six age-groups (ranging from 10 to 80 years old) to compute measures that capture age-specific properties of the mental lexicon across the lifespan. These measures relate to lifespan changes in the Available Richness of the mental lexicon and in the lexical–semantic Network Prototypicality of concrete words. In Study 2, we used the collected data to predict performance in a picture-naming task on a new group of participants within the same age-groups as for Study 1. The results show that age-specific semantic Available Richness and Network Prototypicality affect word production speed while the semantic variables collected only in young adults do not. A richer and more prototypical semantic network across subjects from a given age-group is associated with faster word production speed. The current results indicate that age-specific semantic organization is crucial to predict lexical–semantic behaviors across the lifespan. Similarly, these results also provide cues to the understanding of the lexical–semantic properties of the mental lexicon and to lexical selection in referential tasks. 相似文献
132.
Toni Alimi Elizabeth L. Antus Alda Balthrop-Lewis James F. Childress Shannon Dunn Ronald M. Green Eric Gregory Jennifer A. Herdt Willis Jenkins M. Cathleen Kaveny Vincent W. Lloyd Ping-cheung Lo Jonathan Malesic David Newheiser Irene Oh Aaron Stalnaker 《The Journal of religious ethics》2020,48(3):349-387
The editors of the JRE solicited short essays on the COVID-19 pandemic from a group of scholars of religious ethics that reflected on how the field might help them make sense of the complex religious, cultural, ethical, and political implications of the pandemic, and on how the pandemic might shape the future of religious ethics. 相似文献
133.
Aldert Vrij Samantha Mann Sharon Leal Ronald P. Fisher Haneen Deeb 《Applied cognitive psychology》2020,34(3):628-642
In none of the deception studies that used drawings to date, was the effect of sketching on both speech content and drawing content examined, making it unclear what the full potential is of the use of drawings as a lie detection tool. A total of 122 truth tellers and liars took part in the study who did or did not sketch while narrating their allegedly experienced event. We formulated hypotheses about the total amount of information and number of complications reported and about various features of the drawings. Participants in the Sketch-present condition provided more information than participants in the Sketch-absent condition, and truth tellers reported more details than liars, but only in the Sketch-present condition. In contrast to previous research, no Veracity differences occurred regarding the content of the drawings, perhaps because sketching was introduced as a tool that facilitated verbal recall and not as a stand-alone tool. 相似文献
134.
135.
Aggressive biting of an inanimate target by mice was studied. Males attacked the bite-target more frequently than females, but this difference disappeared after castration when the response rate of the males approached that of the females. Ovariectomizing the females had little effect on their bite-attack frequencies. Subsequent androgen injections restored the biting-attack frequency of the castrated males to preoperative levels but had little effect on the intact males. Estrogen had little effect on the response frequency of the females, whereas androgen produced a slight increase in their bite-attack frequency. Results indicate that androgen is critical for the maintenance of this aggressive response and that the single subject paradigm utilized in this study was a sensitive measure of aggressive tendencies in mice. 相似文献
136.
Ronald Gandelman 《Aggressive behavior》1984,10(2):123-133
Reproductive activity has been the behavior of choice for research in behavioral endocrinology. Why this is so and the consequences to the study of aggression and to behavioral endocrinology in general are explored. 相似文献
137.
138.
Much coping research has been conducted comparing members of different ethnic groups using discrete racial classifications. However, the past two decades have seen the construct of ethnicity evolve into a complex variable that must be assessed in a more comprehensive way. This study explored how ethnicity, a discrete variable, and the continuous variables of a person's ethnic identity and self-construal contribute to the use of particular coping strategies across various situations. One hundred twelve seventh graders (67 African Americans and 45 Caucasian Americans) from three suburban middle schools completed questionnaires assessing ethnic identity, self-construal, and coping strategies for medical, test, and social criticism stressors. Results supported the hypothesis that ethnicity as a discrete variable is not associated with coping, but that ethnic identity and self-construal are. It was also found that high scores on the ethnic identity and self-construal scales were indicative of more positive psychological adjustment. Implications for future research and methodological considerations are discussed. 相似文献
139.
M.Ronald BuckleyTommie A. Mobbs Jorge L. MendozaMilorad M. Novicevic Shawn M. CarraherDanielle S. Beu 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2002,61(2):263-278
A field experiment was conducted to assess the effects of preemployment interventions on newly hired telemarketers. The procedures used were a realistic job preview (RJP), an expectation-lowering procedure (ELP), a combination (RJP & ELP), and the control condition (minimal socialization). While we know these procedures enhance the integration of newcomers to an organization, we do not know the optimal combination of RJP and ELP in the employee socialization process. The three procedures yielded relatively lower expectations than did the control group. Participants in the experimental conditions (ELP, RJP, and ELP & RJP) reported significantly lower expectations than did the control group. The lowered expectations, however, did not result in higher retention rates in all of the conditions. The RJP & ELP combination resulted in the largest number of days worked, the major criterion of interest in this study. There was no significant difference in number of days worked between the control group and the RJP group. The current study indicates that a non-job-specific ELP in combination with an RJP may exceed the benefits of an RJP or an ELP used alone. Furthermore, organizational implications regarding the different procedures are discussed. 相似文献
140.