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71.
72.
In search of the point of no return: the control of response processes 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
R De Jong M G Coles G D Logan G Gratton 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》1990,16(1):164-182
Control processes underlying response inhibition were examined. Six Ss performed a visual choice reaction task and were occasionally presented with a tone that told them to withhold the response. Reaction time results were in agreement with a model that assumes a race between response activation and response inhibition processes. Event-related brain potentials, electromyogram, and continuous response measures showed that responses could be interrupted at any time. Evidence was obtained for two inhibitory mechanisms: inhibition of central activation processes and inhibition of transmission of motor commands from central to peripheral structures. Results have implications for the distinction between controlled and ballistic processes. 相似文献
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Laura C. Hayward Meredith E. Coles 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(3):220-227
Hoarding has historically been conceptualized as a symptom of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD); however, data demonstrate
important differences between hoarding and OC symptoms (for discussion, see Grisham et al. Anxiety Disorders, 19, 767‑779. 2005). Hoarding has also been observed in disorders besides OCD, including specific Impulse Control Disorders (ICDs; e.g., kleptomania,
trichotillomania, pathological gambling, compulsive buying). Therefore, the current study tested the hypothesis that hoarding
would be as strongly related to symptoms of ICDs as it is to OCD and that these relationships would be medium to strong in
magnitude. Results from an undergraduate sample showed hoarding behaviors were strongly related to symptoms of OCD, moderately
related to symptoms of compulsive buying, and more modestly related to symptoms of pathological gambling, trichotillomania,
and kleptomania. Finally, findings suggest indecisiveness may be a particularly important underlying feature in hoarding behaviors.
These results support the consideration of hoarding outside the confines of OCD.
相似文献
Laura C. HaywardEmail: |
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Administration of psychological questionnaires via the Internet has gained popularity in recent years and touts many advantages. However, before questionnaires that were originally developed as paper-and-pencil measures can be confidently administered over the Internet, it is necessary to document the equivalence of the paper and computer-generated versions [American Psychological Association. (1986). Guidelines for computer-based tests and interpretations. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; Cohen, R.J., Swerdlik, M.E., & Smith, D.K. (1992). Psychological testing and assessment (2nd ed.). Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing; Cronbach, L.J. (1990). Essentials in psychological testing (5th ed.). New York: Harper Collins; Meier, S. (1994). The chronic crisis in psychological measurement and assessment: A historical survey. San Diego: Academic Press; Schulenberg, S.E., & Yutrzenka, B.A. (2001). Equivalence of computerized and conventional versions of the Beck Depression Inventory- II (BDI-II). Current Psychology: Developmental, Learning, Personality, Social, 20, 216-230]. The current study tested this equivalence for the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory [Foa, E.B., Kozak, M.J., Salkovskis, P.M, Coles, M.E., & Amir, N. (1998). The validation of a new obsessive compulsive disorder scale: The obsessive-compulsive inventory. Psychological Assessment, 10(3), 206-214] and the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-44 [Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group. (2005). Psychometric validation of the obsessive belief questionnaire and interpretation of intrusions inventory-Part 2: Factor analyses and testing of a brief version. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1527-1543] in an unselected student sample. Study results support the equivalence of these measures of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms and beliefs independent of administration method (paper versus secure project website). These findings create new opportunities for conducting OCD-related research online. 相似文献
77.
Taylor S Zvolensky MJ Cox BJ Deacon B Heimberg RG Ledley DR Abramowitz JS Holaway RM Sandin B Stewart SH Coles M Eng W Daly ES Arrindell WA Bouvard M Cardenas SJ 《心理评价》2007,19(2):176-188
Accumulating evidence suggests that anxiety sensitivity (fear of arousal-related sensations) plays an important role in many clinical conditions, particularly anxiety disorders. Research has increasingly focused on how the basic dimensions of anxiety sensitivity are related to various forms of psychopathology. Such work has been hampered because the original measure--the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI)--was not designed to be multidimensional. Subsequently developed multidimensional measures have unstable factor structures or measure only a subset of the most widely replicated factors. Therefore, the authors developed, via factor analysis of responses from U.S. and Canadian nonclinical participants (n=2,361), an 18-item measure, the ASI-3, which assesses the 3 factors best replicated in previous research: Physical, Cognitive, and Social Concerns. Factorial validity of the ASI-3 was supported by confirmatory factor analyses of 6 replication samples, including nonclinical samples from the United States and Canada, France, Mexico, the Netherlands, and Spain (n=4,494) and a clinical sample from the United States and Canada (n=390). The ASI-3 displayed generally good performance on other indices of reliability and validity, along with evidence of improved psychometric properties over the original ASI. 相似文献
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William E. Pelham Lisa Burrows-MacLean Elizabeth M. Gnagy Gregory A. Fabiano Erika K. Coles Brian T. Wymbs Anil Chacko Kathryn S. Walker Frances Wymbs Allison Garefino Martin T. Hoffman James G. Waxmonsky Daniel A. Waschbusch 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2014,42(6):1019-1031
Placebo and three doses of methylphenidate (MPH) were crossed with 3 levels of behavioral modification (no behavioral modification, NBM; low-intensity behavioral modification, LBM; and high-intensity behavior modification, HBM) in the context of a summer treatment program (STP). Participants were 48 children with ADHD, aged 5–12. Behavior was examined in a variety of social settings (sports activities, art class, lunch) that are typical of elementary school, neighborhood, and after-school settings. Children received each behavioral condition for 3 weeks, order counterbalanced across groups. Children concurrently received in random order placebo, 0.15 mg/kg/dose, 0.3 mg/kg/dose, or 0.6 mg/kg/dose MPH, 3 times daily with dose manipulated on a daily basis in random order for each child. Both behavioral and medication treatments produced highly significant and positive effects on children’s behavior. The treatment modalities also interacted significantly. Whereas there was a linear dose–response curve for medication in NBM, the dose–response curves flattened considerably in LBM and HBM. Behavior modification produced effects as large as moderate doses, and on some measures, high doses of medication. These results replicate and extend to social-recreational settings previously reported results in a classroom setting from the same sample (Fabiano et al., School Psychology Review, 36, 195–216, 2007). Results illustrate the importance of taking dosage/intensity into account when evaluating combined treatments; there were no benefits of combined treatments when the dosage of either treatment was high but combination of the low-dose treatments produced substantial incremental improvement over unimodal treatment. 相似文献
80.
Functional neuroimaging offers the opportunity to understand the effect of prenatal alcohol exposure on the activities of
the brain as well as providing a window into the relationship between neural activation and the behavioral outcomes that have
been described in affected individuals. Several different methodologies have been used to examine the neurophysiological signal
changes associated with different brain functions in prenatally exposed individuals and those diagnosed with fetal alcohol
syndrome (FAS) or other fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). These include electroencephalography (EEG), positron emission
tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). These
studies demonstrate that it is feasible to use these technologies with this clinical population and that the damage to the
central nervous system associated with prenatal alcohol exposure has widespread functional implications; however, currently,
the literature in these areas is limited and unsystematic. Functional MRI with this clinical population has just begun to
explore the implications of prenatal alcohol exposure with the first paper published in 2005. Other methodologies are similarly
limited in scope. Nonetheless, these functional neuroimaging studies suggest that prenatal alcohol exposure, or a diagnosis
of FAS, may lead to restrictions in neural efficiency or a global decrement in processing resources. 相似文献