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121.
Prototypical supervisors shape lay‐off victims’ experiences of top management justice and organizational support
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Jukka Lipponen Niklas K. Steffens Brian C. Holtz 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2018,91(1):158-180
Job loss is a pervasive experience affecting millions of workers around the globe annually. To investigate lay‐offs from the perspective of those who are affected, we conducted a lagged study examining lay‐off victims’ experiences of supervisory justice, top management justice, and organizational support. We test the hypotheses that the relationships between supervisory justice and lay‐off victims’ subsequent experiences of top management justice as well as organizational support are moderated by supervisors’ prototypicality of their team. Results from our study conducted during lay‐off process indicated that supervisory justice had a positive lagged impact on lay‐off victims’ unfolding experiences of both (1) top management justice and (2) organizational support for supervisors who were viewed as highly (but not lowly) prototypical of the team that both supervisors and subordinates were part of. Our study identifies a theoretically grounded moderator that may account for the presence (or absence) of cross‐foci effects found in previous multifoci justice studies. Moreover, our results shed light on the development of justice perceptions by demonstrating the impact of lower‐level supervisors in translating subordinates’ perceptions of justice of the supervisor to that of the top management. Findings suggest that supervisors have an important role to play in managing (for better or worse) the potentially harmful consequences associated with organizational redundancies.
Practitioner points
- Prototypical supervisors are ‘gatekeepers’ who are able to influence their subordinates’ relationship with the organization and its management.
- Involving supervisors in critical events such as lay‐offs may be important to effectively manage employees’ concerns.
- It may not be well advised to overly centralize responsibility for communicating information regarding lay‐offs under human resource departments.
122.
Brian K. Griepentrog PhD Crystal M. Harold PhD Brian C. Holtz PhD Richard J. Klimoski PhD Sean M. Marsh PhD 《Personnel Psychology》2012,65(4):723-753
This study develops and tests a model of applicant withdrawal. Drawing on tenets from social identity theory and the theory of planned behavior, this study proposes that applicants who highly identify with an organization will experience higher pursuit intentions and subsequently be less inclined to withdraw from recruitment. Data were collected from a sample of 669 applicants to the U.S. military at 2 intervals, separated by 3 months. Strong support was found for the proposed theoretical model. Implications for research and practice will be discussed. 相似文献
123.
With the past behind and the future ahead: Back-to-front representation of past and future sentences
Ulrich R Eikmeier V de la Vega I Ruiz Fernández S Alex-Ruf S Maienborn C 《Memory & cognition》2012,40(3):483-495
Several studies support the psychological reality of a mental timeline that runs from the left to the right and may strongly
affect our thinking about time. Ulrich and Maienborn (Cognition 117:126–138, 2010) examined the linguistic relevance of this timeline during the processing of past- and future-related sentences. Their results
indicate that the timeline is not activated automatically during sentence comprehension. While no explicit reference of temporal
expressions to the left–right axis has been attested (e.g., *the meeting was moved to the left), natural languages refer to the back–front axis in order to encode temporal information (e.g., the meeting was moved forward). Therefore, the present study examines whether a back–frontal timeline becomes automatically activated during the processing
of past- and future-related sentences. The results demonstrate a clear effect on reaction time that emerges from a time–space
association along the frontal timeline (Experiment 1). However, this activation seems to be nonautomatic (Experiment 2), rendering
it unlikely that this frontal timeline is involved in comprehension of the temporal content of sentences. 相似文献
124.
Language comprehenders form a mental representation of the implied shape of objects mentioned in the text. In the present study, the influence of prior visual experience on subsequent reading was assessed. In two separate phases, participants saw a picture of an object and read a text about the object, suggesting the same or a different shape. When the shapes in the two phases mismatched, ERPs during reading showed a larger N400 amplitude than when the shapes matched, suggesting that a picture presented incidentally 15 min earlier affected reading. These results further strengthen the case for the interaction of language and visual experience during language comprehension. 相似文献
125.
Participants usually respond faster to a response signal (RS) when this signal is preceded by a warning stimulus than when
it is not. A question of theoretical importance is the locus of this facilitating effect within the information processing
stream. Recently, Los and Schut (Cogn Psychol 57:20–55, 2008) suggested that temporal preparation acts on central processes while perception of the RS is under way. The present study
provides a stochastic model (central preparation model, CPM) based on this hypothesis and presents three experiments testing
this model. To track the complete time-course of temporal preparation, the warning signal could either precede or follow the
RS. The data show some systematic deviation from the model’s predictions, questioning CPM’s assumption that temporal preparation
acts only on central processes. An alternative mechanism of temporal preparation based on the parallel grains model [Miller
and Ulrich (Cogn Psychol 46:101–151, 2003)] is discussed. 相似文献
126.
Karin M. Bausenhart Oliver Dyjas Dirk Vorberg Rolf Ulrich 《Behavior research methods》2012,44(4):1157-1174
Ulrich and Vorberg (Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 71: 1219–1227, 2009) introduced a novel approach for estimating discrimination performance in two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) tasks. This approach avoids pitfalls that are inherent when the order of the standard and the comparison is neglected in estimating the difference limen (DL), as in traditional approaches. The present article provides MATLAB and R routines that implement this novel procedure for estimating DLs. These routines also allow to account for processing failures such as lapses or finger errors and can be applied to experimental designs in which the standard and comparison differ only along the task-relevant dimension, as well as to designs in which the stimuli differ in more than one dimension. In addition, Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to check the quality of our routines. 相似文献
127.
Oliver Dyjas Karin M. Bausenhart Rolf Ulrich 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2012,74(8):1819-1841
In psychophysics, participants are often asked to discriminate between a constant standard and a variable comparison. Previous studies have shown that discrimination performance is better when the comparison follows, rather than precedes, the standard. Prominent difference models of psychophysics and decision making cannot easily explain this order effect. However, a simple extension of this model class involving dynamical updating of an internal reference accounts for this order effect. In addition, this Internal Reference Model (IRM) predicts sequential response effects. We examined the predictions of IRM in two duration discrimination experiments. The obtained results are in agreement with the predictions of IRM, suggesting that participants update their internal reference on every trial. Additional simulations show that IRM also accounts for the negative sequential effects observed in single-stimulus paradigms. 相似文献
128.
Prof. Dr. Dr. Rolf Haubl 《Psychotherapeut》2013,58(2):176-183
The material determining factors of mental stress and diseases are comparatively rarely reflected on and analysed in depth in psychotherapy research and by psychotherapists. This article should be seen as a plea to look at these factors in more detail. When this involves the question of the influence of risk factors of city lifestyle conditions on the mental health of its inhabitants, the urban environment“city” is the melting pot for a multitude of individual factors and factor constellations the influence of which must be theoretically conceptualized and empirically collated. 相似文献
129.
Philip J. Moore Enid Chung Rolf A. Peterson Martin A. Katzman Monica Vermani 《Cognition & emotion》2013,27(1):42-68
Relatively little is known about the integration of people's fear-related dispositions and their expectations about stressful events. This research used information integration theory to examine how participants’ anxiety sensitivity and event expectancy are integrated to determine their social anxiety. Three studies were conducted—two with university students and one with anxiety clinic patients—in which participants were presented with multiple scenarios of a socially embarrassing event, each representing a different degree of event probability, from which subjective expectancies were derived. Independent variables included anxiety sensitivity (low, moderate, high) and event expectancy (low, medium, high, no probability information). Participants were asked to indicate their anxiety (dependent measure) in each expectancy condition in this 3 × 4 mixed, quasi-experimental design. The results of all three studies strongly suggest that anxiety sensitivity and event expectancy are integrated additively to produce social anxiety. Additional results and their implications for the treatment of anxiety-related disorders are also discussed. 相似文献
130.
Using a negative affective priming (NAP) design that allows the disentanglement of NAP for unpleasant and pleasant information, we found significant NAP only for unpleasant information for low scorers on the BDI, whereas high scorers showed significant but reversed NAP for unpleasant information and a significant NAP effect for pleasant information. The result is compatible with the hypothesis that depression is associated with an inability to suppress task-irrelevant negative information. 相似文献