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531.
James M. Rogers 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》1994,7(1):3-24
Over the last several decades a significant capacity to produce policy research has been institutionalized across government
and academe and around their borders. Diverse organizational settings and sponsors yield a wide array of forms of policy research
and analysis. Yet little is known about the influence of organizational context and sponsorship on research output. Implications
for knowledge accumulation and the use of research in policy-making also are uncertain. In this study a random sample of 1,291
cases of policy research and analysis from 1975–1990 and the organizational conditions surrounding their production is described.
Log linear analysis suggests that organization and sponsorship are directly related to the type and breadth of research performed.
A considerable range of two-way interactions link specific producer and sponsor types to characteristics of research output.
He is the author ofThe Impact of Policy Analysis (University of Pittsburgh Press) and assorted journal articles. 相似文献
532.
Rogers ML 《Behavioral sciences & the law》1994,12(3):279-298
Based on limited research, clinical and forensic experience and observations, factors hypothesized to be potentially useful in forensic evaluation of claims of decades-delayed discovery of childhood sexual abuse are delineated. Factors considered include: (1) alleged victim factors, (2) memory factors, (3) therapist/examiner factors, (4) external influences on the abuse account, (5) evidential patterns. Differences among a limited sample of cases seen by the author are described. Present knowledge does not provide a basis for reliable determination of whether a specific recollection is true or false, based only upon the claimant's account. At this time, there is no empirically validated method for discriminating valid from invalid cases. Experts testifying for either side must exercise caution and restraint as it may be premature and even unethical in many cases to propound opinions about the validity or invalidity of the memories. 相似文献
533.
Michael Green Peter J. Rogers Nicola A. Elliman 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》1995,14(3):222-232
This study investigated the effects of mood induction on Stroop color-naming times for threat-related words. The subjects’
task was to color-name sets of threat-related words and affectively neutral matched control words both before and after mood-induction.
Subjects were shown a short film about the medical effects of nuclear war (negative affect manipulation), a humorous cartoon,
or no film. A significant and highly reliable color-naming decrement of the threat-related words was observed only after the
negative affect manipulation. This indicates that the attentional bias towards the processing of threat-related material observed
in clinically anxious or high Trait-Anxious subjects can be induced in initially nonanxious subjects. An incidental recall
task included in the procedure provided no evidence of mood state dependent recall. 相似文献
534.
In four experiments, the accumulation, over time, of a tendency to hear separate high and low streams in a sequence of high (H) and low (L) tones, presented in a galloping rhythm (HLH-HLH-…), was studied. Each trial was composed of two parts, an induction sequence, then a test sequence, with no break between them. The test sequence was always heard at the far left. When the induction sequence and the test sequence were identical, the presence of the induction sequence increased the tendency for the test sequence to split into two streams. However, when the sequences differed in location (cued by differences in interaural timing or intensity over headphones and by loudspeaker placement in a free field) or when they differed in loudness, the accumulation of the segregative tendency was reset, and the test sequence sounded more integrated. When the induction sequence changed in location or loudness in gradual steps toward the value of the test sequence, resetting was much less. It appears that the accumulation of information about streams in different frequency regions is sensitive to sudden changes in parameters, even when they affect the frequency regions equally. This prevents the system from accumulating data across unrelated events. 相似文献
535.
The linkage between stimulus frequency and covert peak areas as it relates to monaural localization.
Head-related transfer functions for differently centered narrow noise bands were obtained on 6 subjects. Derived from these measurements were covert peak areas (CPAs), defined as the spatial constellation of loudspeakers that generates maximal sound pressure at the entrance of the ear canal for specific bands of frequency. On the basis of previous data, we proposed that different frequency bands served as important spectral cues for monaural localization of sounds from different loci and that location judgments were directed toward the CPAs associated with the different bands. In the first study, the stimuli were bandpass filtered so that they contained only those frequencies whose associated CPAs occupied either the monaural listener's "upper" or "lower" spatial regions. Loudspeakers, separated by 15 degrees, were stationed in the left hemifield, ranging from 0 degree to 180 degrees azimuth and -45 degrees to 60 degrees elevation. Subjects reported the loudspeaker from which the sound appeared to originate. Judgments of the sound's elevation were in general accord with the CPAs associated with the different frequency segments. In the second study, monaural localization tests were administered in which different 2.0-kHz-wide frequency bands linked with specific CPAs were notch filtered from a 3.5-kHz highpass noise band. For the control condition, the highpass noise was unfiltered. The data demonstrated that filtering a frequency segment linked with specific CPAs resulted in significantly fewer location responses directed toward that particular spatial region. These results demonstrate in greater detail the relation between the directional filtering properties of the pinna and monaural localization of sound. 相似文献
536.
W A Rogers 《Psychology and aging》1992,7(4):526-535
Age differences in a semantic category visual search task were investigated to determine whether the age effects were due to target learning deficits, distractor learning deficits, or a combination thereof. Twelve young (mean age 20) and 12 older (mean age 70) adults received 2,400 trials each in consistent and varied versions of the search task. Following training, a series of transfer-reversal manipulations allowed the assessment of target learning and distractor learning both in isolation and in combination. The pattern of data suggests that older adults have a deficit in their ability to increase the attention-attraction strength of targets and to decrease the attention-attraction strength of distractors. The results are interpreted in terms of a strength-based framework of visual search performance. 相似文献
537.
Anne Rogers 《Behavioral sciences & the law》1993,11(3):259-267
This article examines coercion in voluntary psychiatric patients. Three main themes are highlighted using qualitative and quantitative data from a sample of 412 psychiatric patients surveyed in 1990 who had experienced at least one period of hospitalisation. The themes are: the extent to which the label of ‘voluntary’ was an indicator of the patients' experience of being in hospital of their own volition; aspects of admission which patients considered to be coercive; and the impact that coercion might have on patients' views about their problem, professionals and treatment. The findings suggest that a substantial number of nominally voluntary patients reported coercive aspects of their hospitalisation. The impact of feeling coerced was found to produce a more rejecting attitude towards psychiatric services. The findings are discussed in relation to British mental health legislation and care. I particularly want to thank David Pilgrim for his collaboration with the research which made this article possible and for his useful and supportive comments. I am also indebted to John Monahan for his helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. 相似文献
538.
Three theories of auditory stream segregation were evaluated. In two-part trials, subjects heard an induction sequence, whose effects upon an immediately subsequent test sequence were measured. The rhythm and total duration of Induction Sequence tones were varied in two experiments. The similarity between induction and test sequences aided segregation, but rhythmic predictability and longer tone durations did not. Frequency alternation during the induction sequence was not necessary to induce segregation in the test sequence. Furthermore, peripheral processes inadequately account for the segregation effects found. The data suggest that, once a distinct percept emerges from an auditory scene, properties derived from the percept (particularly changes) are fed back to control the ongoing analysis of that auditory scene. A neural adaptation to stimuli with constant properties may form part of this analysis. 相似文献
539.
EFFECTS OF ALTERNATIVE WEIGHTING METHODS IN A POLICY- CAPTURING APPROACH TO JOB EVALUATION: A REVIEW AND EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This research was designed to examine differences in the predictive power of alternative scale weighting methods in the context of job evaluation. Two different point-factor job evaluation instruments were used to evaluate 71 managerial and service jobs in a metropolitan university, and five different weighting models were compared in terms of predictive validity and salary classification. For the job evaluation system having high multicollinearity and validity concentration, no significant differences in accuracy were found among the weighting methods. However, in the more heterogeneous system, prediction models based upon unit weights, correlational weights, and multiple regression had significantly higher predictive validity than models based upon equal raw score weights or rational weights developed by a job evaluation committee. In addition, the weighting models differed substantially in terms of the predicted policy wages and classification structures. 相似文献
540.