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981.
Frances A. Maratos Karin Mogg Brendan P. Bradley Gina Rippon Carl Senior 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2009,9(2):133-143
Neurocognitive models propose a specialized neural system for processing threat-related information, in which the amygdala
plays a key role in the analysis of threat cues. fMRI research indicates that the amygdala is sensitive to coarse visual threat
relevant information—for example, low spatial frequency (LSF) fearful faces. However, fMRI cannot determine the temporal or
spectral characteristics of neural responses. Consequently, we used magnetoencephalography to explore spatiotemporal patterns
of activity in the amygdala and cortical regions with blurry (LSF) and normal angry, fearful, and neutral faces. Results demonstrated
differences in amygdala activity between LSF threat-related and LSF neutral faces (50–250 msec after face onset). These differences
were evident in the theta range (4–8 Hz) and were accompanied by power changes within visual and frontal regions. Our results
support the view that the amygdala is involved in the early processing of coarse threat related information and that theta
is important in integrating activity within emotion-processing networks. 相似文献
982.
Evelina Fedorenko Aniruddh Patel Daniel Casasanto Jonathan Winawer Edward Gibson 《Memory & cognition》2009,37(1):1-9
In this study, we investigate whether language and music share cognitive resources for structural processing. We report an
experiment that used sung materials and manipulated linguistic complexity (subject-extracted relative clauses, object-extracted
relative clauses) and musical complexity (in-key critical note, out-of-key critical note, auditory anomaly on the critical
note involving a loudness increase). The auditory-anomaly manipulation was included in order to test whether the difference
between in-key and out-of-key conditions might be due to any salient, unexpected acoustic event. The critical dependent measure
involved comprehension accuracies to questions about the propositional content of the sentences asked at the end of each trial.
The results revealed an interaction between linguistic and musical complexity such that the difference between the subject-
and object-extracted relative clause conditions was larger in the out-of-key condition than in the in-key and auditory-anomaly
conditions. These results provide evidence for an overlap in structural processing between language and music. 相似文献
983.
There is a need to investigate exactly how memory breaks down in the course of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Examining what aspects of memorial processing remain relatively intact early in the disease process will allow us to develop behavioral interventions and possible drug therapies focused on these intact processes. Several recent studies have worked to understand the processes of recollection and familiarity in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and very mild AD. Although there is general agreement that these patient groups are relatively unable to use recollection to support veridical recognition decisions, there has been some question as to how well these patients can use familiarity. The current study used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and a depth of processing manipulation to understand the effect of MCI and AD on the estimates of recollection and familiarity. Results showed that patients with MCI and AD were impaired in both recollection and familiarity, regardless of the depth of encoding. These results are discussed in relation to disease pathology and in the context of recent conflicting evidence as to whether familiarity remains intact in patients with MCI. The authors highlight differences in stimuli type and task difficulty as possibly modulating the ability of these patients to successfully use familiarity in support of memorial decisions. 相似文献
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Carl P. Maertz Jr. Ahmad Hassan Peter Magnusson 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2009
Although considerable organizational research exists on the topic of expatriate adjustment and early departure, little has focused on the actual psychological processes causing change in adjustment outcomes. Specifically, researchers have not focused on cognitive dissonance that arises from adopting or condoning culturally expected behaviors that are inconsistent with the expatriate’s own values or attitudes. We propose that dissonance experiences and the methods used for dissonance reduction influence expatriates’ adjustment outcomes and, in turn, their tendency for early departure. We further specify key situational and individual difference constructs that regulate these causal relationships. Along with a greater understanding of cross-cultural adjustment, the current model suggests new directions for expatriate research and management. 相似文献
986.
Charles L. Folk Roger W. Remington Shu-Chieh Wu 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2009,71(2):308-313
In a recent article, Schreij, Owens, and Theeuwes (2008) reported that abruptly onsetting distractors produce costs in performance even when spatial-cuing effects confirm the presence of a top-down set for color. The authors argued that these results show that abruptly onsetting new objects capture attention independent of a top-down set and, thus, provide conclusive evidence against the theory that attentional capture is contingent on top-down attentional control settings (Folk, Remington, & Johnston, 1992). In the following article, we argue that, contrary to the conclusion drawn by Schreij et al., their own data (1) disconfirm the claim that their abrupt onsets captured spatial attention and (2) are consistent with nonspatial interference accounts of singleton-distractor effects. In support of the nonspatial account, we show that in a paradigm similar to Schreij et al.’s, distractors that do not capture attention can nonetheless influence responses to a target. We conclude that the results of Schreij et al. do not represent a challenge to contingent capture theory. 相似文献
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