全文获取类型
收费全文 | 23830篇 |
免费 | 1020篇 |
国内免费 | 176篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 256篇 |
2019年 | 299篇 |
2018年 | 407篇 |
2017年 | 452篇 |
2016年 | 477篇 |
2015年 | 358篇 |
2014年 | 434篇 |
2013年 | 1963篇 |
2012年 | 722篇 |
2011年 | 750篇 |
2010年 | 469篇 |
2009年 | 438篇 |
2008年 | 590篇 |
2007年 | 633篇 |
2006年 | 554篇 |
2005年 | 508篇 |
2004年 | 474篇 |
2003年 | 465篇 |
2002年 | 488篇 |
2001年 | 770篇 |
2000年 | 752篇 |
1999年 | 563篇 |
1998年 | 233篇 |
1997年 | 220篇 |
1996年 | 247篇 |
1995年 | 227篇 |
1992年 | 482篇 |
1991年 | 461篇 |
1990年 | 450篇 |
1989年 | 416篇 |
1988年 | 431篇 |
1987年 | 393篇 |
1986年 | 415篇 |
1985年 | 416篇 |
1984年 | 340篇 |
1983年 | 303篇 |
1981年 | 228篇 |
1979年 | 363篇 |
1978年 | 268篇 |
1977年 | 241篇 |
1975年 | 308篇 |
1974年 | 369篇 |
1973年 | 387篇 |
1972年 | 300篇 |
1971年 | 289篇 |
1970年 | 284篇 |
1969年 | 257篇 |
1968年 | 357篇 |
1967年 | 316篇 |
1966年 | 294篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
911.
Mary E. Evans Ph.D. Mary I. Armstrong M.S.W. M.B.A. Anne D. Kuppinger M.Ed. 《Journal of child and family studies》1996,5(1):55-65
New York State's initial attempt at individualizing services occurred within the context of an experiment. We randomly assigned children 5–12 years old who were referred for out-of-home placement in treatment foster care to either treatment foster care, Family-Based Treatment (n=15), or to Family-Centered Intensive Case Management (FCICM) (n=27). FCICM used teams of case managers and parent advocates to provide in-home services. Flexible service dollars, respite care, and behavior management skills training were available to assist teams in individualizing care. Preliminary outcomes indicate that children in FCICM are doing as well or better than children assigned to FBT in their functioning and symptom reduction. Parents of children in FCICM have made gains, although not at a statistically significant level, in behavior management skills and family strengths that allow them to provide care for their children at home. 相似文献
912.
Active and passive avoidance following the administration of systemic DSP4, xylamine, or p-chloroamphetamine 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Groups of rats were administered either DSP4 (50 mg/kg, ip), xylamine (50 mg/kg, ip), or p-chloroamphetamine (2 X 10 mg/kg, ip), either 2 weeks or 1 week before the testing of two-way active avoidance. DSP4 and xylamine, the selective noradrenaline (NA) neurotoxins, caused a two-way avoidance impairment but p-chloroamphetamine, the selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurotoxin, did not do so. Pretreatment with desipramine (20 mg/kg, ip) blocked the avoidance impairment caused by DSP4 and xylamine treatment. Neither DSP4 nor xylamine caused any alteration of passive avoidance retention. The biochemical analyses indicated severe NA, but not 5-HT, depletions in the DSP4 and xylamine conditions and drastic 5-HT, but not NA, depletions in the p-chloroamphetamine conditions. These results confirm and extend earlier findings concerning the role of NA in avoidance behavior. 相似文献
913.
Long-term retention of fixed-interval curvature as an index of recall memory which is relatively free of retrieval cues was examined in younger and older rats. Previous research on free-operant behavior in younger and older rats showing within-session decrements in behavior of older rats and within-session increments in younger rats suggested that the results of recall memory tests would depend upon the duration of the test session and the point within the session where data were collected. Consistent with such expectations, recall of fixed-interval curvature was poorer in older rats when data from late in the test session or data averaged over the entire 45-min session were used, but the opposite finding, numerically better retention in the older rats, occurred when data from the earliest part of the test session were used. The results suggest that age-related performance differences from which age-related memory differences are inferred may be confounded by other age-related effects upon performance which have nothing to do with memory. 相似文献
914.
Bruce B. Way 《Behavioral sciences & the law》1985,3(2):227-235
Psychiatric inpatients in special units designed for the treatment/management of violence (secure care) are compared with inpatients in three forensic programs. Although program designers anticipated that secure care and forensic patients would be similar, they were not. Principally, secure care patients were lower functioning in the psychiatric areas and were more likely to have engaged in a physical assault in the last 30 days. 相似文献
915.
Previous studies have identified three categories of variables which influence decisions of mock jurors: type of crime, defendant characteristics, and personal characteristics of jurors. This study manipulated the following variables towards the ends of assessing their influence on mock jurors' sentencing severity: premeditated vs. unpremeditated murder, black vs. white defendant, low SES vs. high SES defendant. Only defendant SES predicted sentencing severity: low SES defendants were assigned significantly longer sentences than high SES defendants. None of the measures of juror characteristics correlated with sentencing severity. Failure to replicate significant relationships with most of these variables and sentencing severity suggest that results of studies which manipulate only one variable dimension may overestimate the influence of these variable dimensions in mock jurors' decisions. 相似文献
916.
Willem A. Wagenaar Gideon B. Keren 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》1985,36(3):406-416
The question addressed in this study is whether experts are better calibrated than lay people. We investigated how well people are calibrated when they assess the probabilities of card combinations in the game of blackjack. Three groups of subjects were used: professional dealers, statistical experts, and control subjects. The results showed that experience and statistical expertise do not make people better calibrated in this task. It is argued that the concept of calibration is not wholly appropriate to describe the obtained deviations from the normatively correct responses. This is illustrated by a discriminant analysis performed on the signed deviation scores, which resulted in an almost perfect separation of the three groups, although they were overlapping with respect to calibration. 相似文献
917.
Michael Feuerstein Mark Greenwald Michael P. Gamache Anthony S. Papciak Edwin W. Cook 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1985,7(4):301-315
The present study investigated the validity of an inpatient pain behavior rating scale modified for outpatient use. A series of 43 consecutive outpatients referred for evaluation of chronic pain was examined using the Pain Behavior Scale (PBS) and other psychometric instruments. Analyses revealed significantly higher Pain Behavior Scale scores for low back and multiple pain-site groups. The results also indicated a high degree of internal consistency of the scale. A multiple regression analysis, predicting observed pain behavior from reported pain behavior, indicated that decreased activity accounted for 32% of the variance in the PBS score. A similar regression for pain experience found that the pain level and the sensory scale score on the McGill Pain Questionnaire accounted for 39% of the PBS variance. Psychological characteristics including disease conviction, self-control, depression, and anxiety explained 45% of the variability in the PBS score. Thus, the scale is related to pain intensity, interference with activities, and a variety of psychological characteristics. The scale provides a measure of observable pain behavior that is also relatively independent of these clinical data sources. The Pain Behavior Scale as modified for outpatient use provides a brief index of pain behavior with potential use in the comprehensive evaluation of the pain patient. 相似文献
918.
为考察初中生友谊质量与孤独感的变化轨迹及两者间的关系,采用关系网络问卷、孤独感量表对西安市的875名初中生(M=12.73±0.18;男生494名)进行三年追踪测量,使用多元潜变量增长模型进行分析。结果发现:(1)初中三年,中学生的友谊质量逐渐提高,孤独感水平逐渐下降;(2)初一时的友谊质量和孤独感水平存在显著的个体差异,初中三年期间二者的发展速度也存在个体差异;(3)初一时的友谊质量可显著预测初一时的孤独感水平(β=-1.77,p<0.001)及随后的发展速度(β=0.20,p<0.05);(4)男生的孤独感水平初始值高于女生,友谊质量的初始值则低于女生;高SES个体孤独感的起始值高于低SES个体。本研究结果揭示了初中三年期间个体友谊质量与孤独感的动态变化关系及友谊质量对孤独感的预测作用,对改善青少年孤独感的现状有一定的现实指导意义。 相似文献
919.
Betty B. Hoskins Ph.D. Helen Bequaert Holmes Ph.D. 《The Journal of medical humanities》1985,6(1):28-37
Life situations often seem to require dualistic, either or decision making, but this common method does not always clarify moral decisions. To show this, standard arguments on why to choose or not to choose the sex or ones child are presented. Then, our feminist thinking, which regards clusters of values, and which reframes questions rather than choosing between desirable alternatives, suggests another possibility, in a gynandrous world vision. 相似文献
920.
Timothy H. Monk Jeffrey E. Fookson Jacob Kream Margaret L. Moline Charles P. Pollak Muriel B. Weitzman 《Behavior research methods》1985,17(1):19-26
Cornell University Medical College, Westchester Division, The New York Hospital, White Plains, New York It is well established that there is a complex timekeeping mechanism in the human brain. This mechanism is associated with a variety of physiological and psychological rhythms having a period of about a day, and thus referred to as circadian rhythms. The circadian system has recently been modeled in terms of two underlying oscillators, one much more resistant to changes in routine than the other. These oscillators are considered to be endogenous, that is, internal to the organism, and not reliant for their existence upon changes in the person’s environment or general behavior. They thus continue to run even when the sleep/wake cycle is suspended, as in sustained operations. Thus, by their very nature, sustained operations require the individual to override the inputs that are coming from his or her circadian system (especially the indication that sleep is required). The aim of this paper is to provide a background to the area of circadian rhythms research, including a section on the methodology, so that the impact of the circadian system on sustained operations can be better understood. 相似文献