排序方式: 共有53条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Walter Mischel Yuichi Shoda & Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton 《Current directions in psychological science》2002,11(2):50-54
Traditional approaches have long considered situations as "noise" or "error" that obscures the consistency of personality and its invariance. Therefore, it has been customary to average the individual's behavior on any given dimension (e.g., conscientiousness) across different situations. Contradicting this assumption and practice, recent studies have demonstrated that by incorporating the situation into the search for consistency, a new locus of stability is found. Namely, people are characterized not only by stable individual differences in their overall levels of behavior, but also by distinctive and stable patterns of situation-behavior relations (e.g., she does X when A but Y when B ). These if . . . then . . . profiles constitute behavioral "signatures" that provide potential windows into the individual's underlying dynamics. Processing models that can account for such signatures provide a new route for studying personality types in terms of their shared dynamics and characteristic defining profiles. 相似文献
32.
Rodolfo A.M. Ambiel Lucas de Francisco CarvalhoGustavo Henrique Martins Lucilene Tofoli 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2016
Many studies have verified the validity of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale in diverse samples, both adolescents and adults. However, which abilities are more typical of each group remains unknown. This study investigated the CAAS factorial structure with Brazilian adolescents, to verify differences between adolescents and adults and to explore the occurrence of differential item functioning analysis (DIF), by considering these two groups as independent variables. The two Brazilian samples were composed by adolescents (n = 272) and by adult workers (n = 404). Results confirmed the expected factorial structure in the adolescents sample and that adults scored higher on all CAAS factors. DIF analysis identified more items favored adults, as expected, but there was coherence in item content which favored each group. Nevertheless, there is no psychometric evidence supporting the need for different forms of CAAS for each group. Results are discussed by taking into account the practical implications of the findings. 相似文献
33.
Neves Filho Hernando Borges de Carvalho Neto Marcus Bentes Taytelbaum Giovanni Premi Torres Malheiros Rodolfo dos Santos Knaus Yulla Christoffersen 《Animal cognition》2016,19(6):1151-1164
Animal Cognition - The emergence of novel behavior is a multilayered phenomenon that comprehends distinct processes. One such process is known as insightful problem solving. “Insight”... 相似文献
34.
We compared how evaluations by out-group members and evaluations by in-group members affected participants' stress responses--their neuroendocrine reactivity, cognitive appraisals, and observed anxiety--and how participants' implicit racial bias moderated these responses. Specifically, White participants completed measures of racial bias prior to the experiment. During the experiment, participants performed speech and serial subtraction tasks in front of White or Black interviewers. Several saliva samples were obtained, and they were assayed for catabolic ("breaking down") and anabolic ("building up") hormones. Interviewers' race and participants' racial bias interacted in predicting stress responses. When interviewers were Black, lower racial bias was linked with more salutary stress responses: lower threat appraisals, less anxiety, and increased levels of anabolic hormones. When interviewers were White, no effect was found for threat appraisals or anabolic hormones, and the reverse effect was observed for anxiety. Egalitarianism may have physical and psychological benefits for people living in a diverse society. 相似文献
35.
ABSTRACT The original CAPS formulation focused on the role of the individual's CAPS system in relation to situations, formalizing a person–situation framework. Subsequent research and theorizing on the culturally embedded CAPS system (C-CAPS) began to spell out how culture, context, and group-level processes intersect with both persons and situations. The contributions in this special section provide insights into the enormous complexity and the multiple layers through which context and persons "make each other up" in racial/ethnic relations. The challenge for personality psychologists is to examine and illuminate this interpenetration of context and person concretely and with increasing depth and precision. The CAPS framework provides a meta-level guide for this mission, and the present contributions illustrate the framework's heuristic value. 相似文献
36.
Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton Lindsay Shaw-Taylor Serena Chen Eunice Chang 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(1):275-278
As prejudice becomes more subtle in its manifestations, members of stigmatized groups must often contend with the ambiguity of not knowing whether others are biased against them. In this study, we tested whether explicitly communicated gender prejudice would facilitate women’s performance on a difficult task compared to contexts where such discrimination might be possible but is not explicitly communicated. The findings revealed that the task performance of women who are chronically concerned about gender discrimination suffered when a male interviewer’s gender attitudes were ambiguous, relative to when his attitudes were either explicitly chauvinistic or explicitly egalitarian. As expected, the performance of women low in discrimination concerns was not affected by the experimental manipulation. The findings are discussed in light of growing evidence for the ironic effects of prejudice for the targets of stigma. 相似文献
37.
Notarnicola A Fischetti F Vicenti G Laricchia L Guastamacchia R Tafuri S Moretti B 《Perceptual and motor skills》2012,114(1):250-260
The purpose of the present study was to monitor any improvement in orienteering skills attributable to acquiring a better mental representation of space. Two groups were examined: the experimental group, who attended 6 mo. of orienteering lessons, versus the control group, who did jogging training instead. Each group, consisting of 20 children, was tested on the Corsi Block-tapping Test, run Forward and Backward, and the Star-Butterfly Test. Pre- and post-tests were administered. In the experimental group, scores increased in mean complexity from pre- to post-test on the Forward and the Backward Corsi tests, while on the Star-Butterfly Test both time and mistakes had decreased after the training. In the control group, mean complexity and Star-Butterfly Test scores were unchanged from pre- to post-test. These results showed that after continual training in orienteering techniques, the orienteering group was able to remember and repeat sequences of events with greater precision than before the training, while these skills were unchanged in the control group after training in jogging. 相似文献
38.
Bernal-Gamboa Rodolfo Mason Tere A. Nieto Javier Gámez A. Matías 《The Psychological record》2022,72(1):65-73
The Psychological Record - The present free operant conditioning experiments with rats examined the impact of manipulating different traits of an extinction-cue on ABA renewal. All rats were... 相似文献
39.
Eric L. Kohatsu Rodolfo Victoria Andrew Lau Michelle Flores Andrea Salazar 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2011,89(1):63-72
The purpose of this study was to examine to what extent both racial identity and color‐blind racial attitudes help explain anti‐Asian prejudice across different socioracial groups. Participants of color from a culturally diverse West Coast university were surveyed (N = 260). Hierarchical regression analyses showed that resistance racial identity and color‐blind attitudes predicted anti‐Asian prejudice. Results further validated racial identity theory as a viable tool for understanding interracial relations among Asians and other socioracial minority groups. 相似文献
40.
A growing body of literature has examined the determinants of childhood obesity, but little is known about children’s subjective
wellbeing. To fulfill this gap, this paper examines the effects of fast food and soft drink consumption on children’s overweight
and unhappiness. Using a nationwide survey data in Taiwan and estimating a simultaneous mixed equation system, our results
generally suggest a tradeoff in policy implication. Fast food and soft drink consumption tend to be positively associated
with children’s increased risk of being overweight but they are also negatively associated with their degree of unhappiness.
Current and future policy/program interventions that aim to decrease fast food and soft drinks consumption of children to
reduce childhood obesity may be more effective if these interventions also focus on ways that could compensate the increase
in degree of unhappiness among children. 相似文献