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271.
Theodora Gale Sara Pasalodos-Sanchez Lauren Kerzin-Storrar Georgina Hall Rhona MacLeod 《Journal of genetic counseling》2010,19(1):55-67
The explanation of Mendelian inheritance is a key component of most genetic counselling consultations, yet no evidence base
exists for this area of practice. This qualitative study used Interpersonal Process Recall (IPR) to explore how information
about X-linked inheritance is provided and received in genetic counseling. Twelve consultations involving two senior genetic
counselors and 21 counselees were videotaped. Section(s) of videotape featuring the explanation were subsequently played back
separately to both counselees and counselors and their responses and reflections recorded. All interviews were fully transcribed
and analysed using the constant comparison method. A personalised diagram, drawn “live” by the counselor during the consultation
was recalled by counselees as being central to their understanding of the “bottom line”. This helped bridge the gap between
scientific information and their family experience and did not appear to require a baseline understanding of genetic concepts
such as genes or chromosomes. Counselors reflected on the diagram’s positive impact on the way they sequenced, paced and tailored
the explanation. A positive counselor-counselee relationship was vital even during this educative exchange: for counselees
to feel at ease discussing complex genetic information and to help gauge counselee understanding. 相似文献
272.
Roderick T. Long 《Philosophical Investigations》2003,26(1):73-77
Why do we value friendship? No explanation that appeals to values external to friendship will be a satisfactory answer to this question. 相似文献
273.
Leonard P. Ullmann Roderick G. Forsman John W. Kenny Titus L. McInnis Jr. Irving P. Unikel Ray M. Zeisset 《Behaviour research and therapy》1964,2(2-4):205-212
In this experiment each of five examiners tested and interviewed four subjects in each of three conditions. The subjects were 60 male, hospitalized schizophrenics. The three conditions were the reinforcement, after an operant period, of “sick talk”, “healthy talk”, or plural nouns during a structured interview. Half the Welsh factor A and R scale items were administered before the interview, half after the interview. Significant differences were found among experimental conditions in terms of changes from operant to reinforced interview periods in percentage of “sick talk” emitted by subjects and changes from pre- to post-testing in terms of Welsh R scores. The correlation between these two measures of change was statistically significant. The results were discussed in terms of the different therapeutic strategies of neoanalytic and behaviour therapists. 相似文献
274.
275.
Two studies explored the effects of forget instructions on autobiographical memory at immediate test and following delays of either 12–13 months, or 3–4 months. Using the Autobiographical Think/No-Think procedure (cf., Noreen & MacLeod, 2013), 24 never-depressed participants (Study 1) first generated 12 positive and 12 negative autobiographical memories and associated cues. Participants were then asked to recall the memory associated with some of the cues (i.e., ‘think’ condition), or to avoid saying or thinking about the memory associated with other cues (i.e., ‘no-think’ condition). Participants were then asked to recall the memories associated with all the cues at immediate test and following a delay of 12–13 months. Participants were found to be successful at forgetting both positive and negative autobiographical memories following ‘no-think’ instructions at immediate test but this forgetting effect did not persist following a 12–13 month delay. This pattern of remembering and forgetting was replicated in a second study (using 27 never-depressed participants) following a 3–4 month delay. Participants who had been less successful at forgetting ‘no-think’ memories at immediate test, were more likely to show rebound effects for those memories following a delay compared to memories which received neither ‘think’ nor ‘no-think’ instructions. Individual differences in inhibitory control and the efficacy of potential therapeutic interventions of ‘no-think’ instructions are considered. 相似文献
276.
277.
Barron RW 《Memory & cognition》1975,3(3):302-310
Subjects memorized one to four 8- or 16-sided random forms in a memory search task. The positive set forms ("yes" response) differed in number of sides from the negative set forms ("no" response) for the different set (DS) group, but this distinguishing feature was not available to the same set (SS) group. Mean reaction time increased as a linear function of log(2) of the positive set size for both groups, but the increase was greater for the SS than the DS group, suggesting that memory search rather than an encoding stage of information processing was influenced by the availability of a distinguishing feature. In a transfer task which followed, new forms were introduced in which the positive and negative set forms differed in number of sides for both groups. In this task, the two groups did not differ in memory search, but in encoding. It was proposed that (a) availability of a distinguishing feature influences search time because the information specifying the number of sides of the set of memorized forms can be used to influence the speed with which individual forms are examined in memory; (b) previous experience with a distinguishing feature influences encoding because the DS group had learned to extract the information specifying the set of memorized forms (not the information specifying individual forms) more efficiently than the SS group. 相似文献
278.
Jeremy J. Oliver Andrew K. MacLeod 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2018,91(3):665-680
An online self‐help goal‐setting and planning (GAP) intervention to improve working adults’ well‐being was tested using a longitudinal, randomized crossover design. The study sought to (1) test the effectiveness of the intervention relative to wait‐list controls; and (2) test the stability of effects over a 3‐month follow‐up period. Participants were recruited from the UK Civil Service and were randomized to either a GAP intervention or a wait‐list control condition. Wait‐list participants then crossed‐over to receive GAP. Relative to wait‐list controls (N = 149), GAP participants (N = 158) reported significantly higher levels of positive affect (PA) and flourishing, but similar levels of negative affect (NA) and life satisfaction immediately after the intervention. Longitudinal data were analysed for the whole sample (N = 307). Compared to the start of the intervention, participants reported an increase in PA and flourishing directly after the intervention and 3 months later. NA and life satisfaction showed no change by the end of the intervention, but had improved by 3‐month follow‐up. Completing more modules predicted post‐intervention improvements in well‐being, accounting for pre‐intervention well‐being levels. The online self‐help format allowed the intervention to be offered with minimal therapeutic support, enabling convenient access by a large group of employees. The study provides an example of a successful adaptation of a clinically proven well‐being intervention to make it accessible to working adults.
Practitioner points
- Well‐being interventions proven in clinical settings can be effectively adapted for use in workplace settings with only minor alterations.
- Brief, online self‐help interventions can improve working adults’ well‐being.
- Goal‐based interventions can improve working adults’ well‐being when focused towards goals that are aligned with personal values and have been chosen by the individual.
279.
Roderick P. McDonald 《Psychometrika》1986,51(4):513-534
There is a unity underlying the diversity of models for the analysis of multivariate data. Essentially, they constitute a
family models, most generally nonlinear, for structural/functional relations between variables drawn from a behavior domain. 相似文献
280.