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51.
52.
Anna-Lind Petursdottir Kristen McMaster Jennifer J. McComas Tracy Bradfield Viveca Braganza Julie Koch-McDonald Roxana Rodriguez Haley Scharf 《Journal of School Psychology》2009,47(4):215-243
The purpose of this study was to investigate how brief experimental analyses (BEAs) could be used to identify effective interventions for Kindergartners (2 girls and 2 boys, 5 years and 7-10 months old) with low performance and/or growth slope in letter sound fluency (LSF). Interventions were tested within a multielement design with brief mini-reversals until an intervention yielding at least 20% improvement on a specific subskill measure or a curriculum-based measure of LSF was identified. BEA-identified interventions were implemented one-on-one for 5 to 9 weeks. A multiple-baseline design across participants showed large intervention effects (average adjusted d = 2.4) on general outcome measures, supporting treatment validity of BEAs. Findings extend the BEA literature to younger participants, early reading interventions, and early reading measures. 相似文献
53.
Susan Randall Armel Jeanna McCuaig Amy Finch Rochelle Demsky Tony Panzarella Joan Murphy Barry Rosen 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(4):366-378
The number of individuals receiving genetic counseling for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome has steadily risen.
To triage patients for genetic counseling and to help reduce the amount of time needed by a genetic counselor in direct patient
contact, many clinics have implemented the use of family history questionnaires. Although such questionnaires are widely used,
scant literature exists evaluating their effectiveness. This article explores the extent to which family history questionnaires
are being used in Ontario and addresses the utility of such questionnaires in one familial cancer clinic. By comparing the
pedigrees created from questionnaires to those updated during genetic counseling, the accuracy and effectiveness of the questionnaires
was explored. Of 121 families recruited into the study, 12% acquired changes to their pedigree that led to a revised probability
estimate for having a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation and 5% acquired changes that altered their eligibility for genetic testing.
No statistically significant difference existed between the eligibility for genetic testing prior to and post counseling.
This suggests that family history questionnaires can be effective at obtaining a family history and accurately assessing eligibility
for genetic testing. Based on the variables that were significantly associated with a change in probability estimate, we further
present recommendations for improving the clarity of such questionnaires and therefore the ease of use by patients. 相似文献
54.
Ozlem Ayduk Monica L. Rodriguez Walter Mischel Yuichi Shoda Jack Wright 《Journal of research in personality》2007
Two studies examined the interactive effect of receptive verbal intelligence measured by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and self-regulatory competencies measured in the delay of gratification paradigm on boys’ aggression. Study 1 participants (N = 98) were middle school, low-income boys primarily ethnic minority. Participants for Study 2 (N = 59) were drawn from a treatment camp for boys from low-income neighborhoods with behavioral adjustment problems. In both studies, the interaction between verbal intelligence and self-regulation was significant such that verbal intelligence was associated with lower aggression to a greater extent among boys who had effective self-regulatory skills than among those who had ineffective self-regulatory skills. The implications of these findings for interventions and for a theory of risk factors in aggression are discussed. 相似文献
55.
Self-control in adult humans: variation in positive reinforcer amount and delay. 总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2
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A W Logue T E Pea-Correal M L Rodriguez E Kabela 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1986,46(2):159-173
In five experiments, choice responding of female human adults was examined, as a function of variations in reinforcer amount and reinforcer delay. Experiment 1 used a discrete-trials procedure, and Experiments 2, 3, 4, and 5 used a concurrent variable-interval variable-interval schedule. Reinforcer amount and reinforcer delay were varied both separately and together. In contrast to results previously reported with pigeons, the subjects in the present experiments usually chose the larger reinforcers even when those reinforcers were delayed. Together, the results from all the experiments suggest that the subjects followed a maximization strategy in choosing reinforcers. Such behavior makes it easy to observe self-control and difficult to observe impulsiveness in traditional laboratory experiments that use adult human subjects. 相似文献
56.
Brett KM Yamamura Y Kam WT Rios CF Rodriguez N Marconi KM 《Hispanic journal of behavioral sciences》1996,18(3):407-414
A survey conducted among 187 HIV-infected patients from publicly supported HIV clinics in the Puerto Rican Southern Health Region (SHR) failed to substantiate health planners' concern that this group travels frequently to the US to receive medical services. Respondents were questioned about all places of residence and all sites of HIV treatment in the past 12 months. Movement was defined as being anywhere outside of the SHR for 2 weeks or longer. 7% of the sample had moved at least once in the past year; 4% had moved outside the SHR but within Puerto Rico, while 3% had been in the continental US. Compared to the heterosexual risk group, intravenous drug users and men who have sex with men were 7-8 times more likely to have moved. The attainment of at least a high school education was also significantly and independently associated with increased probability of movement. Medical care was not identified by any of these respondents as the primary reason for travel. 58% indicated they were in their current place of residence to be near family, friends, and relatives. Both the small sample size and the low socioeconomic status of respondents may have limited the ability of this study to identify the so-called "air bridge," however. 相似文献
57.
Genetic Counselors are increasingly becoming involved in organizing and facilitating support groups for couples who have terminated a pregnancy because of an abnormal fetal diagnosis. This paper discusses recurrent themes which have emerged in the FATE (Feelings After the Termination Experience) support group which was founded in New Jersey in 1990. By becoming familiar with the issues we have observed in our support group, genetic counselors should be better able to understand and empathize with their patients who make the decision to terminate a much wanted pregnancy. They may also feel better prepared to become involved in organizing and facilitating such support groups. 相似文献
58.
59.
Warren B. Miller Rochelle N. Shain David J. Pasta 《Journal of applied social psychology》1990,20(6):506-530
Data for nine different indicators of regret were collected from 213 married women with a tubal sterilization and 137 wives of men with a vasectomy at 1,2, and 3 years following surgical sterilization. Relationships between the indicators across the 3 years and within each year were analyzed, using two psychological models. A final, combined model was synthesized and fitted to the data. This model addresses many of the important issues of reliability and validity that have plagued the literature on post-sterilization regret for years. 相似文献
60.
The components of self-regulation were analyzed, extending the self-imposed delay of gratification paradigm to older children with social adjustment problems. Delay behavior was related to a network of conceptually relevant cognitive person variables, consisting of attention deployment strategies during delay, knowledge of delay rules, and intelligence. A positive relationship was demonstrated between concurrent indexes of intelligence, attention deployment, and actual delay time. Moreover, attention deployment, measured as an individual differences variable during the delay process, had a direct, positive effect on delay behavior. Specifically, as the duration of delay and the frustration of the situation increased, children who spent a higher proportion of the time distracting themselves from the tempting elements of the delay situation were able to delay longer. The effect of attention deployment on delay behavior was significant even when age, intelligence, and delay rule knowledge were controlled. Likewise, delay rule knowledge significantly predicted delay time, even when age, attention deployment, and intelligence were controlled. 相似文献