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931.
This study examines the relationship between morningness–eveningness orientation and time-of day on attitude change, and tests the hypothesis that people will be more persuaded when tested at their optimal time-of-day (i.e., morning for M-types and evening for E-types) than non-optimal time-of-day (i.e., evening for M-Types and morning for E-types). Two hundred and twenty participants read a message that contained either strong vs. weak quality counter-attitudinal arguments (anti-voluntary euthanasia) in the morning (9.00 a.m.) or in the evening (7.00 p.m.). When tested at their respective optimal time-of-day (for both M- and E-types) there was a reliable difference in attitude change between the strong vs. weak messages (indicating message processing had occurred) while there was no difference between strong vs. weak messages when tested at their non-optimal time-of-day. In addition, the amount of message-congruent thinking mediated the attitude change. The results show that M- and E-types pay greater attention to and elaborate on a persuasive message at their optimal time-of-day, and this leads to increased attitude change, compared to those tested at their non-optimal time-of-day. 相似文献
932.
Anthony C. Little Benedict C. Jones Lisa M. DeBruine Robin I.M. Dunbar 《Personality and individual differences》2013
People readily ascribe personality traits to others and believe that faces hold important guides to character. Here we examined the relationship between static facial appearance and self-reported cooperation/defection using the prisoner’s dilemma (N = 193). Study 1 combined face images of those self-reporting they would be most and least likely to cooperate. The composites of cooperators were seen as more cooperative than non-cooperators. Study 2 demonstrated accuracy with ratings of individual faces. Masculinity of face shape was negatively related to self-reported cooperation for men, but not women. Further, ratings of smile intensity were positively, but not significantly, related to self-reported cooperation. Overall, individuals appear able judge the potential of others to cooperate from static facial appearance alone at rates greater than chance. 相似文献
933.
Ed Spruijt Bianca Eikelenboom Janneke Harmeling Robin Stokkers Helga Kormos 《The American journal of family therapy》2013,41(4):303-317
In the Netherlands, about 20% of children do not have any contact with their non-resident parent after parental divorce. There are often many reasons underlying the broken contact, but one might well be the process of parental alienation, when the child denigrates and excludes the non-resident parent. This article presents the results of two studies conducted among divorce experts and divorced, non-resident parents. A total of 138 respondents co-operated in our studies. Of the respondents, 58% thought PAS either does not, or rarely occurs in the Netherlands, and 42% thought it does occur. The extent of parental alienation was classified as mild (33%) or moderate (9%). From our factor analysis, it became clear that Gardner's classification of eight separate symptoms of parental alienation was not evident in our research data. We were able to distinguish four separate aspects: two of them concerning alienation due to the resident parent and two concerning alienation due to the child. Our results underpin the importance of mediation, since it seemed that parental alienation syndrome (PAS) occurred significantly more often when decisions with relation to the children were not taken together by the parents but were determined in court. We consider that compulsory mediation and better communication during divorce would prevent many cases of PAS. 相似文献
934.
Tanja Ketisch Hamid Mirsalimi Robin Casey Tara Milton 《The American journal of family therapy》2013,41(5):438-451
Female graduate students in counseling and clinical psychology retrospectively rated maternal and paternal boundaries in their families of origin. Subscales of the Eating Disorders Inventory-3 were used to assess disordered eating, including drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, bulimia symptoms, and overall risk. Results indicated that maternal enmeshment and maternal psychological control were related to disordered eating. Further, daughters who reported that their mothers shielded them from parents’ conflict and adult concerns were less likely to report drive for thinness or bulimic tendencies. With respect to paternal boundary problems, paternal infantilization (overprotection) was significantly related to daughters’ drive for thinness. 相似文献
935.
Terri Landon Bacow PhD Jill Ehrenreich May PhD Molly Choate-Summers PhD Donna B. Pincus PhD Sara G. Mattis PhD 《Child & family behavior therapy》2013,35(4):322-333
This study examined the concordance (or synchrony/desynchrony) between adolescents' self-reports of anxiety and physiological measures of arousal (heart rate) both prior to and after treatment for panic disorder. Results indicated a decline in reported subjective units of distress (SUDS) for the treatment group only at the post-treatment measurement for two of three tasks. Within the treatment group, heart rate changes during the Behavioral Approach Test (BAT) were observed following treatment for one task only. Implications of this apparent desynchrony between self-report and physiological measures in adolescent panic disorder are discussed, with cognitive changes in participants' perception of anxiety after treatment suggested as an important factor in recovery. 相似文献
936.
937.
938.
Victoria E. Cosgrove Soo H. Rhee Heather L. Gelhorn Debra Boeldt Robin C. Corley Marissa A. Ehringer Susan E. Young John K. Hewitt 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(1):109-123
Several studies suggest that a two-factor model positing internalizing and externalizing factors explains the interrelationships
among psychiatric disorders. However, it is unclear whether the covariation between internalizing and externalizing disorders
is due to common genetic or environmental influences. We examined whether a model positing two latent factors, internalizing
and externalizing, explained the interrelationships among six psychiatric disorders (major depressive disorder, generalized
anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and
conduct disorder) in adolescents, and whether there are common genetic and environmental influences on internalizing and externalizing
latent factors. Multivariate behavior genetic analyses of data from 1162 twin pairs and 426 siblings ascertained from the
general population via the Colorado Center for Antisocial Drug Dependence (CADD) were conducted. We found support for a model
positing two latent factors (internalizing and externalizing). These factors were moderately heritable and influenced by significant
common genetic and nonshared environmental influences. These findings suggest that co-occurrence of internalizing and externalizing
psychopathology in adolescents results from both genetic and environmental influences. 相似文献
939.
In two studies, the influence of key emotional and motivational factors on performance in different achievement goal-type
situations is examined. In study 1, based on 314 sixth-graders, two types of goal situations were induced; performance and
mastery. The goals were examined with respect to important antecedents (e.g., motive dispositions) and several consequences
(e.g., performance, satisfaction, pleasant affect, worry, and emotionality). The results showed that the motive to achieve
success (M
s) produced positive affects, satisfaction, and increased performance, whereas the motive to avoid failure (M
f) produced worries and performance reduction. In study 2, based on 331 sixth-graders, three types of goal situations were
induced; performance–approach, performance–avoidance, and mastery goals. The findings revealed that the most important single
factors positively related to performance were M
s and mastery–goal situation. In addition, high M
s pupils performed better under mastery condition than under performance condition. Finally, avoidance-goal situation accentuate
the negative effects of high M
f on performance. 相似文献
940.
Murthy VS Garza MA Almario DA Vogel KJ Grubs RE Gettig EA Wilson JW Thomas SB 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(6):639-649
Few studies examine the use of family history to influence risk perceptions in the African American population. This study
examined the influence of a family health history (FHH) intervention on risk perceptions for breast (BRCA), colon (CRC), and
prostate cancers (PRCA) among African Americans in Pittsburgh, PA. Participants (n = 665) completed pre- and post-surveys and FHHs. We compared their objective and perceived risks, classified as average,
moderate, or high, and examined the accuracy of risk perceptions before and after the FHH intervention. The majority of participants
had accurate risk perceptions post-FHH. Of those participants who were inaccurate pre-FHH, 43.3%, 43.8%, and 34.5% for BRCA,
CRC, and PRCA, respectively, adopted accurate risk perceptions post-FHH intervention. The intervention was successful in a
community setting. It has the potential to lead to healthy behavior modifications because participants adopted accurate risk
perceptions. We identified a substantial number of at-risk individuals who could benefit from targeted prevention strategies,
thus decreasing racial/ethnic cancer disparities. 相似文献