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991.
William A Roberts 《Learning and motivation》1976,7(2):313-325
Two experiments were carried out in an attempt to replicate Lett's (1974) demonstration of visual discrimination learning with a 1-min delay of reward. In Experiment 1, controls for olfactory cues were introduced by testing animals in different orders from day to day and by reversing the positions of the discrimination chambers within days; also, secondary reinforcement effects were precluded by the use of opaque rather than transparent doors to the discrimination chambers. No evidence of learning was found either in a group of rats returned to the home cage during the delay or in a group left in the apparatus during the delay. It was hypothesized that the failure to find improvement in Experiment 1 might have resulted from either the controls for odor cues or from a lack of memory retrieval cues provided by the apparatus. In Experiment 2, both of these hypotheses were tested and neither was supported. The Lett group in Experiment 2 was run according to the exact procedures used by Lett and still no learning was demonstrated. It was concluded that further demonstrations of visual discrimination learning with a 1-min delay of reward will be necessary for the acceptance of the validity of this phenomenon. 相似文献
992.
The occurrence of the size-weight illusion is related to the manner in which-objects are lifted. When the SWI occurs, the larger of two objects of equal objective weight is usually lifted with greater acceleration, deceleration, and maximum velocity than the smaller one, but to approximately the same height. These differences are not present when the cans feel equally heavy. The relationship of lifting movements to judgments is consistent with the known behavior of proprioceptors which provide sensory input about muscular and movement events. 相似文献
993.
994.
Michael C Roberts David A Santogrossi Mark H Thelen 《Journal of experimental child psychology》1976,21(3):524-531
An investigation was made into the effects of observers' previous experience with the experimental task on acquisition and subsequent performance of modeled task behavior. The task was socially neutral and the subjects were second grade boys and girls. Recall of modeled actions increased with prior experience, indicating greater acquisition. This finding supports Bandura's (1973) assertion that task familiarity may enhance attentiveness to the model. Contrary to previous research, performance of imitation did not decrease with experience. The present performance results are possibly due to the ambiguity of the preexperience and novelty of the experimental task. 相似文献
995.
996.
Through twin studies, research in behavioral genetics has demonstrated significant genetic components in many personality traits. Less research has been done on inheritance of vocational interest preferences, partially because of the lack of a wholistic conceptual model for understanding the relationships among diverse occupational interests. With the development of scales for the Strong Vocational Interest Blank (SVIB) to measure the six cognitive interest styles propounded by Holland, a parsimonious and comprehensive mapping of the occupational world was available and lent itself to the study of measuring inheritance of vocational preferences among twins. Median intraclass correlations for 409 pairs of monozygotic males, tested with the SVIB, was r = .50; for 570 pairs of monozygotic females, r = .55; for 237 pairs of dizygotic males, r = .27; and for 370 pairs of dizygotic females, r= .27. 相似文献
997.
Robert A Baron 《Journal of research in personality》1973,7(2):103-115
Sixty male undergraduates participated in an experiment designed to investigate the effects of apparent probability of retaliation from the victim and level of prior anger arousal upon adult aggressive behavior. It was hypothesized that threatened retaliation would be highly effective in inhibiting subsequent aggression under conditions where subjects had not previously been angered by the victim, but would generally fail to inhibit such behavior under conditions where they had previously suffered strong provocation at the hands of this person. Support was obtained for both of these predictions. Findings were discussed in terms of their implications for the prevention and control of human violence in naturalistic social situations. 相似文献
998.
To assess the aversive effects of withdrawing monetary reinforcement, human subjects were exposed to a free-operant avoidance procedure in which periods of no reinforcement occurred if the subject failed to respond, and each response postponed withdrawal of reinforcement. Avoidance behavior was developed either through specific instructions about the consequence of responding or through preliminary escape-avoidance training. In all cases, rates of response were found to be a positively accelerated function of decreases in the duration by which responding postponed reinforcement withdrawal. The findings with respect to the function relating avoidance behavior to the interval of postponement were viewed as similar to those obtained when shock is used as the aversive event in free-operant avoidance conditioning. 相似文献
999.
Peter Dale Tony Morrison Murray Davies Phillip Noyes Wilf Roberts 《Journal of Family Therapy》1983,5(2):117-143
Abusing and high-risk families have been seen over three years at a new treatment resource with a family therapy orientation. The families present with established resistance to any treatment intervention and many have defeated a succession of previous helping agencies. Initial typology and treatment strategies are described with the aim of more systematic selection of therapeutic techniques. 相似文献
1000.
The present study investigates the relationship between the frequency of aggressive behaviour of patients in a therapeutic
community and socialization, extraversion and perceptual-motor rule-breaking. The subjects were 33 males and 24 females who
had been rated by two observers in regard to frequency of aggressive behaviour during the initial part of their stay in the
community. Principal component analysis revealed two fairly pure factors, referred to as verbal and physical aggression. In
females both factors correlated significantly with extraversion, lack of role-taking ability and perceptual-motor rule-breaking.
No significant correlations were obtained in the male sample except that physical aggression correlated positively with perceptual-motor
rule-breaking. 相似文献