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91.
Functional neuroimaging studies of autobiographical memory have grown dramatically in recent years. These studies are important because they can investigate the neural correlates of processes that are difficult to study using laboratory stimuli, including: (i) complex constructive processes, (ii) recollective qualities of emotion and vividness, and (iii) remote memory retrieval. Constructing autobiographical memories involves search, monitoring and self-referential processes that are associated with activity in separable prefrontal regions. The contributions of emotion and vividness have been linked to the amygdala and visual cortex respectively. Finally, there is evidence that recent and remote autobiographical memories might activate the hippocampus equally, which has implications for memory-consolidation theories. The rapid development of innovative methods for eliciting personal memories in the scanner provides the opportunity to delve into the functional neuroanatomy of our personal past. 相似文献
92.
We carried out three experiments aimed at testing whether hand posture affects the compatibility effect that Chen and Bargh
(1999) found between a word’s emotional connotation and arm movement direction. In the present study, participants responded
by pressing two buttons: one placed near their body, the other far away. In Experiment 1, in which they pressed the response
button with their hand open, RTs were shorter when participants pressed the far button for positive words and the near button for negative words, as if they simulated reaching for something good and avoiding something bad. However, in Experiments
2 and 3, in which participants pressed the response button with a tennis ball in their hand, RTs were shorter when participants
pressed the near button for positive words and the far button for negative words, as if they simulated drawing a good thing closer and pushing a bad thing away. Results are discussed
within the framework of theories on concept grounding in emotion and action systems. 相似文献
93.
Scholz U La Marca R Nater UM Aberle I Ehlert U Hornung R Martin M Kliegel M 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2009,91(1):89-92
Acute stress has been found to have negative and implementation intentions (IIs) to have positive effects on cognitive performance. This study was the first to examine the effects of IIs on executive action control under acute psychosocial stress. Forty-two male subjects aged 21-39 years were randomly assigned to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) versus a rest condition. In addition, the instruction to the executive task (a go no-go task) was manipulated (IIs versus standard instruction). After the stress test, a dual-task procedure including a go no-go task was conducted. The TSST resulted in increases in cortisol response, heart rate and state anxiety compared to the rest condition. Acute stress significantly impaired go no-go performance, but only in the group without IIs. We conclude that under acute stress conditions executive functioning is reduced, but the use of IIs can be an effective strategy to overcome this negative effect. 相似文献
94.
Roberto Arrighi Fortunato Tito Arecchi Alessandro Farini Carolina Gheri 《Cognitive processing》2009,10(Z1):95-99
The term perceptual bistability refers to all those conditions in which an observer looks at an ambiguous stimulus that can
have two or more distinct but equally reliable interpretations. In this work, we investigate perception of Necker Cube in
which bistability consists of the possibility to interpret the cube depth in two different ways. We manipulated the cube ambiguity
by darkening one of the cube faces (cue) to provide a clear cube interpretation due to the occlusion depth index. When the
position of the cue is stationary the cube perceived perspective is steady and driven by the cue position. However, when we
alternated in time the cue position (i.e. we changed the position of the darkened cube face) two different perceptual phenomena
occurred: for low frequencies the cube perspective alternated in line with the position of the cue; however for high frequencies
the cue was no longer able to bias the perception but it appears as a floating feature traveling across the solid with the
cube whole perspective that returns to be bistable as in the conventional, bias-free, case. 相似文献
95.
96.
97.
Steven W. Keele Roberto Nicoletti Richard I. Ivry Robert A. Pokorny 《Psychological research》1989,50(4):251-256
Summary What is the nature of the human timing mechanism for perceptual judgements about short temporal intervals? One possibility is that initial periodic events, such as tones, establish internal beats which continue after the external events and serve as reference points for the perception of subsequent events. A second possibility is that the timer records the intervals produced by events. Later, the stored intervals can be reproduced or compared to other intervals. A study by Schulze (1978) provided evidence favoring beat-based timing. In contrast, our two experiments support an interval theory. The judgements of intervals between tones is not improved when the events are synchronized with internal beats established by the initial intervals. The conflict between the two sets of results may be resolved by the fact that an interval timer can recycle from one interval to the next, thus operating in a beat-like mode. However, a timer of this sort is just as accurate when comparing intervals that are off the beat. 相似文献
98.
Roberto Giuntini 《Studia Logica》1992,51(1):97-112
We prove that Brouwer-Zadeh logic has the finite model property and therefore is decidable. Moreover, we present a bimodal system (BKB) which turns out to be characterized by the class of all Brouwer-Zadeh frames. Finally, we show that BrouwerZadeh logic can be translated into BKB. 相似文献
99.
Roberto Masini Riccardo Sciaky Angelo Pascarella 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1992,52(3):235-242
In the present experiments, we attempted to evaluate the modification of the strength of the Poggendorff illusion as a function of the different orientation of a parallel-line texture filling the space between the vertical lines. In Experiment 1, the standard version of the Poggendorff configuration was tested against four different parallel-line textures oriented at 0°, 45°,90°, and 135° with respect to the obliques. The results showed that the illusory effect was a linear function of the progressive discrepancy between the angle of the lines of the texture and that of the obliques. In Experiment 2, we tested the same textures used in Experiment 1 after the elimination of the two vertical lines. The data obtained approximated a linear function, as in the previous experiment, but the alignment errors were consistently lower. The statistical analysis performed on the data of all eight experimental conditions shows that both factors—texture and presence/absence of verticals—were significant, but most of the effect was due to the texture factor. The results may be interpreted through the “perceptual compromise hypothesis,” originally proposed for the bisection forms of the Poggendorff illusion, but with important modifications. The data are also discussed in terms of their implications for other theories proposed for the Poggendorff illusion. 相似文献
100.