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91.
Roberto Arrighi Fortunato Tito Arecchi Alessandro Farini Carolina Gheri 《Cognitive processing》2009,10(Z1):95-99
The term perceptual bistability refers to all those conditions in which an observer looks at an ambiguous stimulus that can
have two or more distinct but equally reliable interpretations. In this work, we investigate perception of Necker Cube in
which bistability consists of the possibility to interpret the cube depth in two different ways. We manipulated the cube ambiguity
by darkening one of the cube faces (cue) to provide a clear cube interpretation due to the occlusion depth index. When the
position of the cue is stationary the cube perceived perspective is steady and driven by the cue position. However, when we
alternated in time the cue position (i.e. we changed the position of the darkened cube face) two different perceptual phenomena
occurred: for low frequencies the cube perspective alternated in line with the position of the cue; however for high frequencies
the cue was no longer able to bias the perception but it appears as a floating feature traveling across the solid with the
cube whole perspective that returns to be bistable as in the conventional, bias-free, case. 相似文献
92.
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94.
Steven W. Keele Roberto Nicoletti Richard I. Ivry Robert A. Pokorny 《Psychological research》1989,50(4):251-256
Summary What is the nature of the human timing mechanism for perceptual judgements about short temporal intervals? One possibility is that initial periodic events, such as tones, establish internal beats which continue after the external events and serve as reference points for the perception of subsequent events. A second possibility is that the timer records the intervals produced by events. Later, the stored intervals can be reproduced or compared to other intervals. A study by Schulze (1978) provided evidence favoring beat-based timing. In contrast, our two experiments support an interval theory. The judgements of intervals between tones is not improved when the events are synchronized with internal beats established by the initial intervals. The conflict between the two sets of results may be resolved by the fact that an interval timer can recycle from one interval to the next, thus operating in a beat-like mode. However, a timer of this sort is just as accurate when comparing intervals that are off the beat. 相似文献
95.
Roberto Giuntini 《Studia Logica》1992,51(1):97-112
We prove that Brouwer-Zadeh logic has the finite model property and therefore is decidable. Moreover, we present a bimodal system (BKB) which turns out to be characterized by the class of all Brouwer-Zadeh frames. Finally, we show that BrouwerZadeh logic can be translated into BKB. 相似文献
96.
Roberto Masini Riccardo Sciaky Angelo Pascarella 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1992,52(3):235-242
In the present experiments, we attempted to evaluate the modification of the strength of the Poggendorff illusion as a function of the different orientation of a parallel-line texture filling the space between the vertical lines. In Experiment 1, the standard version of the Poggendorff configuration was tested against four different parallel-line textures oriented at 0°, 45°,90°, and 135° with respect to the obliques. The results showed that the illusory effect was a linear function of the progressive discrepancy between the angle of the lines of the texture and that of the obliques. In Experiment 2, we tested the same textures used in Experiment 1 after the elimination of the two vertical lines. The data obtained approximated a linear function, as in the previous experiment, but the alignment errors were consistently lower. The statistical analysis performed on the data of all eight experimental conditions shows that both factors—texture and presence/absence of verticals—were significant, but most of the effect was due to the texture factor. The results may be interpreted through the “perceptual compromise hypothesis,” originally proposed for the bisection forms of the Poggendorff illusion, but with important modifications. The data are also discussed in terms of their implications for other theories proposed for the Poggendorff illusion. 相似文献
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99.
Roberto Festa 《Erkenntnis》1996,45(2-3):229-252
An important problem in inductive probability theory is the design of exchangeable analogical methods, i.e., of exchangeable inductive methods that take into account certain considerations of analogy by similarity for predictive inferences. Here a precise reformulation of the problem of predictive analogy is given and a new family of exchangeable analogical methods is introduced.Firstly, it is proved that the exchangeable analogical method introduced by Skyrms (1993) does not satisfy the best known general principles of predictive analogy. Secondly, Skyrms's approach — consisting of the usage of particular hyper-Carnapian methods, i.e., mixtures of Carnapian inductive methods — is adopted in the design of a new family of exchangeable analogical methods. Lastly, it is proved that such methods satisfy an interesting general principle of predictive analogy. 相似文献
100.
Roberto Maiocchi 《Synthese》1990,83(3):385-400
I reject the widely held view that Duhem's 1906 book La Théorie physique is a statement of instrumentalistic conventionalism, motivated by the scientific crisis at the end of the nineteenth century. By considering Duhem's historical context I show that his epistemological views were already formed before the crisis occured; that he consistently supported general thermodynamics against the new atomism; and that he rejected the epistemological views of the latter's philosophical supporters. In particular I show that Duhem rejected Poincaré's account of scientific language, Le Roy's view that laws are definitions, and the conventionalist's use of simplicity as the criterion of theory choice. Duhem regarded most theory choices as decidable on empirical grounds, but made historical context the main determining factor in scientific change. 相似文献