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411.
Daniele Paolini Mauro Giacomantonio Ilja van Beest Roberto Baiocco Marco Salvati 《Applied cognitive psychology》2020,34(3):761-767
Because sexual orientation is a crucial factor in social discrimination, this study assessed how the working memory capacity of gay-men and heterosexual-men is affected by a social exclusion event (N = 88). To manipulate the experience of social exclusion participants were included or excluded from a game of Cyberball. To assess working memory capacity, participants had to recall a series of letters while performing math problems in an automated version of the operation span task. The results of this small study, showed the sexual orientation of participants interacted with variations in belonging such that being ostracized (but not being included) lowered the working memory capacity of gay-men relative to heterosexual-men. Implications for research on belonging, social exclusion, and stereotype threat are discussed. 相似文献
412.
To explore the effects of various categorization strategies on intergroup bias within and beyond a contact situation, two experiments were conducted involving groups of different size and/or status that worked together on a cooperative task. Three categorization strategies (decategorization, recategorization, and dual identity) were compared, and bias was measured through symbolic reward allocations to people who were and were not actually encountered. In Experiment 1 (N = 129), we varied group size (minority or majority) and found that it affected bias within the contact situation—minority groups were more biased than majority groups. All of the categorization strategies limited bias and they did so equally well. Outside the contact situation, however, only the recategorization and dual identity strategies limited bias. In Experiment 2 (N = 156), we varied both group status (low or high) and group size. Both of these variables affected bias within the contact situation—high status groups were more biased than low status groups, and minority groups were again more biased than majority groups. Once again, all three categorization strategies limited bias and they did so equally well. Outside the contact situation, however, an interaction among the independent variables was observed. For minority groups, only the dual identity strategy limited bias, but none of the categorization strategies limited bias for majority groups. 相似文献
413.
In this paper we present BTC, which is a complete logic for branchingtime whose modal operator quantifies over histories and
whose temporal operators involve a restricted quantification over histories in a given possible choice. This is a technical
novelty, since the operators of the usual logics for branching-time such as CTL express an unrestricted quantification over
histories and moments. The value of the apparatus we introduce is connected to those logics of agency that are interpreted
on branching-time, as for instance Stit Logics. 相似文献
414.
Alexander Pollatsek Denis Drieghe Linnaea Stockall Roberto G. de Almeida 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2010,17(1):88-94
Many trimorphemic words are structurally and semantically ambiguous. For example, unlock-able can either be un-lockable (cannot be locked) or unlock-able (can be unlocked). Which interpretation is preferred and whether the preceding sentence context affects the initial interpretation
is not clear from prior research. The present experiment embedded ambiguous trimorphemic words in sentence contexts, manipulated
whether or not preceding context disambiguated the meaning, and examined the pattern of fixation durations on the ambiguous
word and the remainder of the text. The results indicated that the unlock-able interpretation was preferred; moreover, preceding context did not exert a significant effect until the eyes had initially
exited from the target word. 相似文献
415.
Mark C. Frame Katherine J. Roberto Ashleigh E. Schwab Celesta Taylor Harris 《Journal of applied social psychology》2010,40(1):36-56
The importance ratings of job competency dimensions on a 360‐degree feedback instrument were examined. We hypothesized that men (incumbents and bosses) would rate agentic behaviors higher in importance than would women, and that women (incumbents and bosses) would rate communal behaviors higher in importance than would men. Differences were found for men and women across rating sources and across job level (organizational position). The present findings suggest that men and women incumbents view different factors as important for their jobs and that people in higher level jobs place more importance on agentic behaviors than do those in lower level positions, and people in lower level jobs place more importance on communal behaviors than do those in higher level positions. 相似文献
416.
417.
This study examined the associations of perceived threat, perceived efficacy, and parent–child communication with the extent to which college‐age women received the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. Daughters and their mothers completed a survey about the HPV vaccine (N = 182 dyads). The results showed that mothers' perceived self‐efficacy to talk to their daughters and mothers' response efficacy of the vaccine were indirectly related to mother–daughter communication about HPV. Further, mother–daughter communication mediated the relation between mothers' intention to talk to their daughters and daughters' HPV vaccination behavior. This study demonstrates the importance of the social context of health behavior and the role of communication in understanding maternal influence on the HPV vaccination behavior of young adult women. 相似文献
418.
The structure of spatial localization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
419.
Elena Faccio Mariarosita Solarino Roberto Vitelli Sabrina Cipolletta 《Sexuality & culture》2018,22(2):445-461
Past research has found consistent correlations between menopause and increase in sexual disturbances, but very little research has inquired into the attribution of meanings to this change from the womens’ own perspectives and the role of the negotiating between sexes in the social-construction of the problem. This study aims to investigate how professionals, women diagnosed with hypoactive sexual desire disorder and ordinary people, both men and women, signify this phenomenon in the Italian context. Interviews were conducted by asking participants whether or not they considered the decrease in sexual desire to be a problem, and what this was dependent on. The analysis of the 146 participants’ answers revealed that women with sexual deficit emphasized the need for treating the biological changes of menopause; specialists considered both the gynecological and the psychological components, while ordinary people seemed to ‘normalise’ the problem, encoding it as the effect of menopause; they did not seem to be inclined to turn the situation into a call for help, suggesting the importance of sharing the problem within the relationship and underestimating the organic level of the question. The negotiation between sexes seems to transform a sexual problem into normality. 相似文献
420.