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141.
Pérez-González LA García-Asenjo L Williams G Carnerero JJ 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2007,40(4):697-701
In the type of intraverbal that consists of saying the opposite of a word, two intraverbals are related to one another because the response form of each intraverbal functions as part of a discriminative stimulus for the other (e.g., "cold" in response to "name the opposite of hot," and vice versa). Moreover, the contextual cue "Name the opposite of--" is the same in the two intraverbals. The purpose of the present research was to explore a procedure designed to promote emergence of intraverbals of this type. Two children with pervasive developmental disorder learned pairs of intraverbals. Thereafter, they were tested for emergence of intraverbals with reversed stimulus-response functions. Results indicate that, although the participants did not initially show emergence of intraverbals with reversed stimulus-response functions, repeated cycles of probing and teaching facilitated emergence of these relations. 相似文献
142.
Del Villar F García González L Iglesias D Perla Moreno M Cervelló EM 《Perceptual and motor skills》2007,104(2):355-365
This study deals with decision and execution behavior of tennis players during competition. The study is based on the expert-novice paradigm and aims to identify differences between both groups in the decision-making and execution variables in serve and shot actions in tennis. Six expert players (elite Spanish tennis players) and six novice players (grade school tennis players) took part in this study. To carry out this study, the observation protocol defined by McPherson and Thomas in 1989, in which control, decision-making and execution variables were included, was used, where it was applied to the performance of the tennis player in a real match situation. In the analysis, significant differences between experts and novices in decision-making and execution variables are found wherein it can be observed that experts display a greater ability to make the appropriate decisions, selecting the most tactical responses to put pressure on the opponent. Expert tennis players were also able to carry out forceful executions to their opponent with greater efficiency, making the opponent's response to a large extent more difficult. These findings are in accordance with those of McPherson and colleagues. 相似文献
143.
César González 《Sexuality & culture》2007,11(4):31-47
This article focuses on the relevance of age vis-à-vis the body and sexuality in society. The author discusses how the symbolization
of the body by differences of age displays an intertwining of social and sexuality issues. The central idea is that the constructions
of age involve different notions of status related to the ageing body that are problematic in our sexuality because they form
complex power relationships, creating boundaries, segmenting sexual expressions and committing individuals to spaces, identities
and lifestyles. That is to say, as individuals use methods to capitalize on their sexuality, they produce varying meanings
and ways of experiencing age. The notion of age-grading, an anthropological category to explain the connection between the
notions of ageing body and society, will be discussed with the aim of clarifying how age shapes our sexuality. This paper
is meant to encourage further debate, not to provide a finished discussion. 相似文献
144.
ABSTRACT— Recent work has found support for two dissociable and parallel neural subsystems underlying object and shape recognition in the visual domain: an abstract-category subsystem that operates more effectively in the left cerebral hemisphere than in the right, and a specific-exemplar subsystem that operates more effectively in the right hemisphere than in the left. Evidence of this asymmetry has been observed for linguistic stimuli (words, pseudoword forms) and nonlinguistic stimuli (objects). In the auditory domain, we previously found hemispheric asymmetries in priming effects using linguistic stimuli (spoken words). In the present study, we conducted four long-term repetition-priming experiments to investigate whether such hemispheric asymmetries would be observed for nonlinguistic auditory stimuli (environmental sounds) as well. The results support the dissociable-subsystems theory. Specificity effects were obtained when sounds were presented to the left ear (right hemisphere), but not when sounds were presented to the right ear (left hemisphere). Theoretical implications are discussed. 相似文献
145.
This article focuses on the perceptions of baalei teshuvah, Jews who were raised with little identification with Judaism as a religious system and subsequently became Orthodox, as an example of the social integration of a group that migrates from one community to another. The baalei teshuvah participants perceived themselves as unique and distinct from those who were raised Orthodox and preferred to associate with others like themselves. They experienced a mixture of pride in their own religious fervor and embarrassment over their lack of knowledge compared with those who grew up Orthodox. At the same time they expressed ambivalent feelings toward Jews who were raised Orthodox. Immigration theory and the concepts of human, social, religious, and spiritual capital are used to discuss the baalei teshuvah's marginal status and preference to associate with other baalei teshuvah. 相似文献
146.
Roberta A. Neault 《Journal of Employment Counseling》2009,46(4):185-186
Sherry L. Mueller and Mark Overmann. (2008). Working World: Careers in International Education, Exchange, and Development. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. 246 pages, $24.95 List, ISBN 978–158901–210–3. 相似文献
147.
People often face preferential decisions under risk. To further our understanding of the cognitive processes underlying these preferential choices, two prominent cognitive models, decision field theory (DFT; Busemeyer & Townsend, 1993 ) and the proportional difference model (PD; González-Vallejo, 2002 ), were rigorously tested against each other. In two consecutive experiments, the participants repeatedly had to choose between monetary gambles. The first experiment provided the reference to estimate the models' free parameters. From these estimations, new gamble pairs were generated for the second experiment such that the two models made maximally divergent predictions. In the first experiment, both models explained the data equally well. However, in the second generalization experiment, the participants' choices were much closer to the predictions of DFT. The results indicate that the stochastic process assumed by DFT, in which evidence in favor of or against each option accumulates over time, described people's choice behavior better than the trade-offs between proportional differences assumed by PD. 相似文献
148.
Traditionally, liberals have confined religion to the sphere of the ‘private’ or ‘non-political’. However, recent debates
over the place of religious symbols in public spaces, state financing of faith schools, and tax relief for religious organisations
suggest that this distinction is not particularly useful in easing the tension between liberal commitments to equality on
the one hand, and freedom of religion on the other. This article deals with one aspect of this debate, which concerns whether
members of religious communities should receive exemptions from regulations that place a distinctively heavy burden on them.
Drawing on Habermas’ understanding of churches as ‘communities of interpretation’, we explore possible alternatives to both
the ‘rule-and-exemption’ approach and the ‘neutralist’ approach. Our proposal rests on the idea of mutual learning between
secular and religious perspectives. On this interpretation, what is required is (i) the generation and maintenance of public
spaces in which there could be discussion and dialogue about particular cases, and (ii) evaluation of whether the basic conditions
of moral discourse are present in these spaces. Thus deliberation becomes a touchstone for the building of a shared democratic
ethos. 相似文献
149.
This article compiles the investigations carried out by a Research Group of the University of Granada, Spain. Its different
projects on writing’s cognitive social and cultural processes have been supported by the Spanish Government. This line of
research joined together linguistic, psychological, social and cultural contributions to the development of writing from the
1970s. Currently, this line of research develops in collaboration with other European Universities: (a) Interuniversity Centre
for Research On Cognitive Processing in Natural and Artificial Systems (ECONA), “La Sapienza” University of Rome (Italy);
(b) Anadolu University, (Eskisehir, Turkey); (c) Coimbra University (Portugal); (d) University of Zaragoza (Spain); (e) the
Institute of Education of the University of London (United Kingdom). The aforementioned collaboration is materializing into
projects like the International Master on Multilingual Writing: Cognitive, Intercultural and Technological Processes of Written
Communication () and the International Congress: Writing in the twenty-first Century: Cognition, Multilinguisim and Technologies, held in
Granada (). This research line is focussed on the development of strategies in writing development, basic to train twenty-first century
societies’ citizens. In these societies, participation in production media, social exchange and the development of multilingual
written communication skills through new computer technologies spread multicultural values. In order to fulfil the social
exigencies, it is needed to have the collaboration of research groups for designing and applying international research projects.
International Master. Multilingual Writing Web: , . 相似文献
150.
Maurizio De Pittà Vladislav Volman Herbert Levine Eshel Ben-Jacob 《Cognitive processing》2009,10(Z1):127-70
Many cells use calcium signaling to carry information from the extracellular side of the plasma membrane to targets in their
interior. Since virtually all cells employ a network of biochemical reactions for Ca2+ signaling, much effort has been devoted to understand the functional role of Ca2+ responses and to decipher how their complex dynamics is regulated by the biochemical network of Ca2+-related signal transduction pathways. Experimental observations show that Ca2+ signals in response to external stimuli encode information via frequency modulation (FM) or alternatively via amplitude modulation
(AM). Although minimal models can capture separately both types of dynamics, they fail to exhibit different and more advanced
encoding modes. By arguments of bifurcation theory, we propose instead that under some biophysical conditions more complex
modes of information encoding can also be manifested by minimal models. We consider the minimal model of Li and Rinzel and
show that information encoding can occur by AM of Ca2+ oscillations, by FM or by both modes (AFM). Our work is motivated by calcium signaling in astrocytes, the predominant type
of cortical glial cells that is nowadays recognized to play a crucial role in the regulation of neuronal activity and information
processing of the brain. We explain that our results can be crucial for a better understanding of synaptic information transfer.
Furthermore, our results might also be important for better insight on other examples of physiological processes regulated
by Ca2+ signaling. 相似文献