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991.
Two experimental studies were run to test the effects of subordinate impression management on the appraisals and responses of a manager, following an incident of poor performance. Two common impression management tactics, accounts and apologies, were manipulated in each of the studies. Subjects in both studies were experienced nursing supervisors. On the basis of the "discounting effect" reported in the attributional literature it was hypothesized that accounts of external causes for poor performance, i.e., excuses, would lead subjects to (1) attribute less responsibility to the subordinate, (2) be less personal in their responses, and (3) be less punitive in their responses. Apologies, because of their "equity restoration" effects, were expected to influence subjects' disciplinary responses to the poor performance, without necessarily affecting their attributions of responsibility. Experiment 1. which employed written stimulus materials and a repeated-measures design, provided strong support for all hypotheses. Experiment 2. which employed a film stimulus and between-subjects design, provided strong support for the accounts hypotheses but only minimal support for the apology hypotheses. The results highlight the importance of social information cues in the appraisal of performance. 相似文献
992.
Robert Pilon 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》1981,10(2):113-122
The subjects' ability to segment foreign speech was examined. Naturalness judgments regarding three syntactically defined pauses [between constituents (noun and verb phrases), words, or syllables] were obtained using a paired-presentation, forced-choice paradigm. It was hypothesized that segmentation skill developed through exposure to lexical and syntactic markers. Teh existence and effect of such markers was investigated by assigning subjects to various exposure conditions.Results indicated that lexical and syntactic markers exist and can be utilized by subjects in segmenting speech. Contrary to previous research, however, exposure did not facilitate performance. All groups discriminated constituents from either words or syllables, and words from syllables. Results were interpreted as reflecting the interdependence of syntax and suprasegmental phonology. Results challenged the credibility of traditional associationist accounts of language acquisition and speech perception. Results were discussed in the context of Martin's theory of the rhythmic structure of speech. 相似文献
993.
Stuart T. Klapp 《Memory & cognition》1981,9(4):398-401
Simultaneous articulation did not interfere with hand responses if the responses shared the same time period. Otherwise there was marked interference even after performance had stabilized with practice. These results generalized previous findings for simultaneous left-and right-hand responses (Klapp, 1979) to show that even highly distinctive responses can be generated in parallel only if they have compatible timing. 相似文献
994.
Nelson JR 《Christian century (Chicago, Ill. : 1902)》1983,100(21):636-638
995.
The relationship between physicians' b]ody movement and judgments of rapport was examined in this study. One-hundred eighteen observers rated physicians' b]ehavior on 14 bipolar scales assessing dimensions of empathy. Physicians' n]onverbal behavior was manipulated so that there were three levels of trunk angle (forward, straight, backward), two levels of arm position (open, folded), two levels of leg position (open, crossed), and two levels of head attitude (nodding, not-nodding). Significant effects were found for trunk angle, head attitude, and arm posture; physicians who leaned forward with open arm positions and nodded their head were judged more positively. Discussion focuses on the reinforcing valuc of nodding, judges' p]erceptions of physicians' a]ccessibility conveyed by trunk and arm postures, and expressions of dominance in physician-patient encounters. 相似文献
996.
Robert D. Foss 《Journal of applied social psychology》1983,13(4):281-290
It is suggested that for social psychological theory and research on helping to provide an adequate general explanation of helping, more attention must be paid to supraindividual factors. Most studies of blood donation have failed to take into account a number of factors that may influence donations at the level of the organization, community or collectivity. This study examines the possibility that specific community norms may emerge that have an influence on the donating behavior of community members. Perceived normative support was found to exist in different degrees in communities that provide different levels of behavioral support for bloodmobile visits, and persons who report a greater degree of perceived community support for donation are more likely to have donated in the past year. Implications for donor recruitment procedures are discussed. 相似文献
997.
998.
Patrick Suppes Michael Cohen Robert Laddaga James Anliker Robert Floyd 《Journal of mathematical psychology》1983,27(4):341-369
A procedural theory of eye movement that accounts for main features of the stochastic behavior of eye-fixation durations and direction of movement of saccades in the process of solving arithmetic exercises of addition and subtraction is presented. The best-fitting distribution of fixation durations with a relatively simple theoretical justification consists of a mixture of an exponential distribution and the convolution of two exponential distributions. The eye movements themselves were found to approximate a random walk that fits rather closely in both adult and juvenile subjects the motion postulated by the normative algorithm ordinarily taught in schools. Certain structural features of addition and subtraction exercises, such as the number of columns, the presence or absence of a carry or a borrow, are well known to affect their difficulty. In this study, regressions on such structural variables were found to account for only a relatively small part of the variation in eye-fixation durations. 相似文献
999.
Eric Térouanne 《Journal of mathematical psychology》1983,27(4):370-405
The concept “impossible figure” is analyzed by formalizing the interpretations of a polyhedral figure by an observer, and defining several types of inconsistency in such interpretations. Tests for these inconsistencies are developed using simple graph theory, and a sufficient condition is established for the feasibility of an interpretation. Finally, techniques are derived for the automatic construction of usual or unusual multibar figures. 相似文献
1000.
Paper/pencil psychological tests such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) are difficult to complete independently by patients with limited hand function. This paper describes a voice recognition system developed to allow patients with no hand function to take the MMPI independently. Profiles generated by this system are not statistically different from those generated by standard MMPI booklet format. Limitations and possible extensions of the system as it currently exists are discussed. 相似文献