CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN ATTENTIONAL PREFERENCE FOR COLOUR OVER FORM1

Huit groupes de sujets, différant par l'instruction et la culture, ont été soumis à un test d'appariement par la couleur ou la forme, (i) Plus le niveau d'instruction s'élève et plus se manifeste une préférence pour la forme, chez les enfants anglais citadins, les Indiens citadins et les Zambiens ruraux, mais non chez les enfants zambiens habitant la brousse lointaine ou la ville. (2) La préférence pour la forme a un rapport moins direct avec l'âge qu'avec l'instruction chez les enfants zambiens ruraux. (3) Les enfants zambiens ruraux et citadins préfèrent plus fréquemment la couleur que les enfants anglais et indiens citadins et moins fréquemment que les enfants zambiens de brousse lointaine de même niveau scolaire. (4) Les étudiants zambiens préfèrent plus fréquemment la forme que les Zambiennes adultes illettrées. (5) Aucune différence entre races n'apparaît chez les sujets d'un jardin d'enfants privilégié.     

A pseudorandom noise generator for use in auditory research

A noise generator that is capable of delivering long-duration samples of reproducible noise is described. The noise is generated as a pseudorandom telegraph waveform but may be filtered so that its amplitude distribution is approximately Gaussian. The design and construction of the generator are detailed and a few possible applications are given.     

Non-interaction of ventromedial and lateral hypothalamic mechanisms in the regulation of feeding and hoarding behaviour in the rat

Lesions of the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN) led to an immediate increase in food intake but not to any increase in hoarding activity. Later, when subjects were very obese, they failed to hoard even in response to a 16-hr. deprivation schedule, although this schedule did produce hoarding if body weights were held at, or were brought down to, preoperative levels. These results indicate that the lateral hypothalamic mechanism responsible for hoarding and feeding responds to long-term nutritional factors, and that it is not directly affected by the short-term satiety mechanisms in the VMN. These findings support the hypothesis (a) that even “non-physiological” activities (e.g. hoarding, exploration) are motivated by physiological needs, and (b) that the reason these activities do not ordinarily covary with physiological drives is that, unlike the physiological drives, they are not subject to inhibition by the hypothalamic satiety mechanisms.     

The time it takes to imagine1

Stanley and Furedy (1966), using the paired-comparisons technique, reported that under conditions where size constancy held, Emmert’s law failed as distance increased beyond 90 in. Experiment 1, designed to check this report with a shorter-duration induction flash, did not yield 90 in. as the point of failure. However, although complete size constancy for direct images was again obtained, the results did not unambiguously suggest strict proportionality between afterimage size and distance. To allow a less ambiguous assessment of proportionality, Experiment 2 used magnitude-estimation procedures. Distance estimates were completely veridical, but afterimage size varied only linearly, and not proportionally, with apparent distance. It was concluded the Boring (1940) was mistaken in his attempt to reduce size constancy and Emmert’s law to the same principle.