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81.
Susan M. Garnsey Michael K. Tanenhaus Robert M. Chapman 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》1989,18(1):51-60
Evoked brain potentials were used to monitor moment-by-moment decisions during language comprehension. Subjects read sentences containing temporary syntactic ambiguities for which one of the possible interpretations was semantically implausible. The N400 component of the evoked potential, which is sensitive to implausibility, was used to discover when during a sentence subjects made a decision about the ambiguity. The results demonstrate that readers try to interpret a syntactic ambiguity early in a sentence rather than waiting for disambiguating information. This introduces a new way to use brain activity to study sentence comprehension processes. 相似文献
82.
List of publications: Husserliana (also translations) and Phaenomenologica 相似文献
83.
Insight without awareness: On the interaction of verbalization, instruction and practice in a simulated process control task 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
William B. Stanley Robert C. Mathews Ray R. Buss Susan Kotler-Cope 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》1989,41(3):553-577
Four experiments in which subjects learned to control two versions of a complex simulated process control task show that verbalizable knowledge of procedures used to perform these tasks is very limited and is acquired late in learning. Individual learning curves associated with these tasks showed sudden improvements in performance, which were not accompanied by a similar increase in verbalizable knowledge. It was also found that verbal instructions consisting of exemplar memorization, strategies for rule induction, simple heuristics, and experts' instructions were all effective in enhancing novice subjects' performance. A theoretical framework is proposed in which subjects draw on two separate but interacting knowledge structures to perform these tasks. One knowledge structure is based on memory for past experiences (close analogies), and the other is based on one's current mental model of the task. Implicit sets of competing rules that control response selection are derived from both sources of knowledge. It is suggested that dissociations between task performance and verbalizing occur because memory-based processing tends to have more control over response selection because of its greater specificity, whereas a mental model tends to be the preferred mode for verbal reporting because of its greater accessibility. 相似文献
84.
Ross McD Young Robert G. Knight 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1989,11(1):99-112
Alcohol-related expectancies have been recently proposed as potentially important determinants of drinking behavior. This study describes the development of a New Zealand measure of such beliefs, the Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire (DEQ). Items selected through interviews, literature review, and the modification of other relevant questionnaires were piloted on 333 drinkers in a community sample and 275 college students. Factor analyses of both samples revealed nine alcohol reinforcement domains relating to assertiveness, affective change, sexual enhancement, social enhancement, relaxation, cognitive impairment, dependence, carelessness, and aggression. The potential clinical and research possibilities using this revised expectancy measure are briefly discussed, along with the scale's strength and weaknesses.The financial assistance of the Alcoholic Liquor Advisory Council of New Zealand in conducting this study is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
85.
This article examines the hindsight bias in the context of mental health malpractice litigation, analyzes various legal mechanisms for dealing with the bias, and discusses whether the law should strive for debiasing in all mental health malpractice cases. 相似文献
86.
Robert N. Hughes 《Current Psychology》1989,8(2):144-150
With a minimal intratrial interval, male golden hamsters spontaneously alternated significantly less often in a T-maze than
females. Since there was no sex difference in choice latencies, the alternation difference could not be accounted for by longer
intertrial intervals experienced by males. Instead, the difference was ascribed to faster rates of habituation to novelty
in females because they showed greater between-sessions declines in open-field ambulation than males. From an analysis of
rearing scores it was concluded that attempts to escape from the apparatus may have been the principal motivating influence
in both the T-maze and open field. 相似文献
87.
This paper addresses the use of the weekly written summary with patients in group psychotherapy. In an effort to stimulate group process and effect cotherapist communication, the authors instituted this group recording in an ongoing psychodynamically oriented mixed adult group. While the utilization of this device did, in fact, stimulate the group process and became an important part of the group's life, the therapists additionally saw significant effects upon their working alliance. These included increased focused dialogue upon group dynamics, more purposeful planning for group interventions, and heightened awareness of the significance of interventions in the group.Ms. Bosman-Clark is formerly Clinical Instructor, Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine. 相似文献
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