Microstructure dependence of nanometre corrosion in Al-Ni-Y glassy alloys

The study reports the discovery of a new structure and spacing versus angle relation for a prevalent type of small-angle grain boundary in YBa     

The kinetic limit of superheating induced by semicoherent interfaces

The superheating behaviour of embedded particles induced by semicoherent interfaces has been observed in many circumstances. In this paper, a phenomeno‐ logical model for melt nucleation on misfit dislocations at a semicoherent interface is proposed. A kinetic limit for semicoherent-interface-induced superheating, which is in good agreement with the results of experiments and computer simulations, is derived from this model. Calculations and analyses based on the model reveal that melting prefers to initiate at the semicoherent interface and that superheating of embedded particles is possible for a melt nucleation contact angle less than 90°. Among the matrix-dependent parameters, the contact angle and the shear modulus of the matrix are found to be dominant in determining the superheating of embedded particles.     

Importance of chamber gas pressure on processing of Al-based metallic glasses during melt spinning

The effect of chamber gas pressure on the amorphicity of Al₈₅Ni₅Y₁₀ alloy was studied for the melt-spinning process. The amorphicity of as-quenched ribbons was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The chamber atmosphere pressure is crucial to the cooling rate of melt spinning. At high vacuum, at pressure less than 0.001?atm, fully crystalline fragments are obtained. Monolithic amorphous ribbons were only obtained at a gas pressure of 0.1?atm, 0.2?atm or higher. The extended contact length between ribbons and the copper wheel contributes to the high cooling rate of melt spinning in Al-based glass forming alloys; that is supported by images recorded by a high-speed camera. Higher chamber pressure increases contact length between ribbons and the wheel, which is qualitatively elucidated by Bernoulli's equation.     

Transition from diffusive to ballistic capture related to hydrogen incorporation in amorphous silicon

Three intersection mechanisms with the gliding planes (111)_TB, (001)_TB and (115)_TB respectively have been observed by high-resolution electron microscopy in the type-I twin intersection of gamma-TiAl. It was found that the intersection mechanism that occurred was related to the thickness of the incident twin. The accommodation mechanism on the (111)_TB atomic plane is preferred when the incident twin becomes very thin. The dislocation dissociations of the (111)_TB plane accommodation are the most energetically unfavourable of the dissociations of the three intersection mechanisms; however, the resultant dislocations on the (111)_TB planes are the easiest to propagate away from the intersection area. Accordingly, (111)_TB atomic plane accommodation is considered to be the only mechanism allowing shear transmission under the small local stress of the pile-up of the incident twinning partials.     

The alpha -> beta polytypic transformation in SiC induced by ball milling

The alpha -> beta polytypic transformation in SiC was observed during ball milling at room temperature. Microstructural evolution was characterized on an atomic scale by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). HREM observations showed that partial dislocations play an important role in the transformation under the complicated conditions during ball milling.     

Whispering gallery mode sensor for phase transformation and solidification studies

Whispering gallery mode (WGM) sensors are created by coupling a dielectric microresonator with the evanescent field of an optical fiber. Since the sensor is created by two separate entities, most of the existing studies are limited to using them in fluid environments, such as air or water, for the ease of manipulation and placement in the optimum configuration. This work is focused on studying the possibility of using WGM sensors inside a solid material. The sensor is immersed in water, which is cooled to solid state and the sensor survival is monitored. In subsequent studies, three remelting cycles are carried out and temperature measurements are obtained through the sensor. The sensor output is calibrated with the temperature data obtained from a thermocouple. The results show that a linear relationship exists between temperature and WGM shift, which enables application of these sensors in temperature measurement. Considering that the sensitivity of WGM sensors is very high (10^?6 N force and 10^?5 K temperature), they can be used for high resolution studies on solidification in cryogenic environments.     

Mood-congruent free recall bias in anxious individuals is not a consequence of response bias

The status of mood-congruent free recall bias in anxious individuals was evaluated following incidental encoding of target words. Individuals with high and low levels of trait anxiety completed a modified Stroop task, which revealed an attentional bias for threat-related stimuli in anxious individuals. This group was significantly slower in naming the colour in which threat-related words were displayed compared to neutral words. In a subsequent free recall test for the words used in the modified Stroop task, anxious individuals recalled more threat-related words compared to low-anxious people. This difference was significant even when controlling for the false recall of items that had not been presented during study. These results support the view put forward by Russo, Fox, Bellinger, and Nguyen-Van-Tam (2001) that mood-congruent free recall bias in anxious individuals can be observed if the target material is encoded at a relatively shallow level. Moreover, contrary to Dowens and Calvo (2003), the current results show that the memory advantage for threat-related information in anxious individuals is not a consequence of response bias.     

More than belief,but not more than belief and desire

Manuel A. Vásquez’ More Than Belief: A Materialist Theory of Religion paints a rich picture of what a ‘non-reductive materialist framework for the study of religion’ would look like. Although it receives strong motivation from the inability of the predominant meta-approaches of theorizing religion to take seriously a range of materially grounded religious phenomena, it suffers somewhat from a lack of independent and autonomous argumentation. This article explores a convergence between Vásquez’ main points and the basic elements of one of the most influential positions within philosophical semantics – namely the semantic holism of Donald Davidson. Because Davidson's holism (assuming its correctness) provides constraints on all forms of theorizing, the fact that Vásquez’ position, unlike the ones he critiques, conforms to those constraints lends it a degree of rational presumption.     

Using Clinician-Rated Five-Factor Model Data to Score the DSM–IV Personality Disorders

Proposals suggest that many or all of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed. [DSM–IV]; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) personality disorders (PDs) may be omitted from the DSM (5th ed.; DSM–V) and replaced with a dimensional trait model of personality pathology (Krueger, Skodol, Livesley, Shrout, &; Huang, 2007 Krueger, R. F., Skodol, A. E., Livesley, W. J., Shrout, P. E. and Huang, Y. 2007. Synthesizing dimensional and categorical approaches to personality disorders: Refining the research agenda for DSM-V Axis II. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 16: 65–73. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Skodol, 2009 Skodol, A. 2009. Emerging DSM-V perspectives on personality disorders. Plenary address presented at the Eleventh International ISSPD Congress. August2009, New York, New York.  [Google Scholar]). Several authors have expressed concerns that this may be difficult for clinicians and researchers who are more comfortable with the extant PD diagnoses. In this study, we tested whether clinician ratings of traits from the Five-factor model (FFM; Costa &; McCrae, 1990) can be used to recreate DSM–IV PDs. Using a sample of 130 clinical outpatients, we tested the convergent and discriminant validity of the FFM PD counts in relation to consensus ratings of the DSM–IV PDs. We then examined whether the FFM and DSM–IV PD scores correlate in similar ways with self-reported personality traits from the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (Clark, 1993 Clark, L. A. 1993. Manual for the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP), Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.  [Google Scholar]). Finally, we tested the clinical utility of the FFM PD counts in relation to functional impairment. Overall, the FFM PD counts, scored using clinician ratings of the FFM traits, appeared to function like the DSM–IV PDs, thus suggesting that the use of a dimensional trait model of personality in the DSM–V may still allow for an assessment of the DSM–IV PD constructs.