Anorexia nervosa masculina--concordance in monozygotic twins

The case report presents the courses of the disease of an infantile-juvenile masculine monozygotic pair of twins suffering from anorexia nervosa. Beginning, therapy and result turned out differently in spite of a commonly suffered disease. Already the importance of smaller differences in their personality development as well as the merit of the intrageminate dynamic of parts are worked out.     

Kommunizierende Agenten: Gestische und natürlichsprachliche Interaktion

Communicating agents: Gesture and natural language interaction Summary. An important scientific method within cognitive science consists in the synthesis of cognitive abilities, of forms of behavior by developing specific artificial agents. Many current approaches make use of the notion of an agent in order to develop concepts of cognitive behavior on different levels of abstraction. Basic properties of agents are: reactivity, autonomy, goal directed activity, and communication. This contribution examines the communicative aspect, i.e. the interaction by gesture or language and their integration, e.g. in identifying referents. Since we conceive communicating agents as systems able to synthesize such interactions as well as their integration, this will be illustrated with respect to two artificial systems. The GRAVIS system detects objects as well as pointing gestures of an instructor, and the camera agent is able to focus on specific objects. The CoRA system processes situated natural language instructions, and the simulated robot agent is able to integrate the use of language, perception and action. Finally we propose an integration of both approaches. Zusammenfassung. Ein wichtiger Forschungsansatz innerhalb der Kognitionswissenschaft besteht in der Synthese kognitiver Fähigkeiten und Verhaltensweisen durch den Bau geeigneter, künstlicher Systeme. Viele der in jüngerer Zeit verfolgten Ansätze nutzen dabei den Begriff des Agenten, um kognitives Verhalten auf unterschiedlichen Abstraktionsebenen zu konzeptualisieren. Grundeigenschaften von Agenten sind u.a. Reaktivität, Autonomie, Zielgerichtetheit und Kommunikationsfähigkeit. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag interessieren wir uns für die Ebene kommunikativen Verhaltens, bei der Gestik und Sprache zur Vermittlung eines Sachverhaltes zusammenwirken, und verstehen unter einem kommunizierenden Agenten ein System, das für solches Verhalten einen nennenswerten Kompetenzausschnitt realisiert. Wir stellen hierzu beispielhaft zwei Systeme vor. Das System GRAVIS demonstriert die Referenzierung von Objekten im Blickfeld eines Kamerakopfes durch Handzeigegestik eines Instrukteurs. Das System CoRA demonstriert die Verarbeitung sprachlicher Handlungsanweisungen im Kontext der Kooperation mit einem simulierten Roboter. Abschließend wird die Integration der beiden Ansätze diskutiert.     

Countertransference in the movies: effects on beliefs about psychiatric treatment

This study examined the effect of viewing the movie Lovesick on college students' beliefs about countertransference and psychiatric practice. Consistent with the concerns of Gebbard and Gebbard (1985) that the public may develop erroneous beliefs about psychiatry from watching such movies, after seeing the film subjects were more accepting of sexual behavior between analyst and patient and were cynical about the motivation of the mental health professions in prohibiting such behavior.     

Mathematical analysis of energy regulatory pattens of normal and diabetic rats.

Analysis of feeding patterns indicated that diabetic (alloxan) hyperphagia is characterized by doubling of meal sizes with no change in feeding frequency. Correlation of meal sizes and intermeal intervals did not provide any systematic relationships for either normal or diabetic rats. When equations of the general form Y = A + Bcos (X) were fit to successive satiety ratios (postmeal interval/meal size), the diabetic rats showed significantly lower A coefficients, reflecting a lower average level of satiety, as well as significantly lower B coefficients, reflecting less systematic variability in the satiating value of food around the average level. It is concluded that the major regulatory deficit in diabetic animals is a chronic reduction in the long-term signal of body nutrient repletion.     

Comparability of slosson and S-B estimates of intelligence

The Slosson Intelligence Test and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (Form L-M) were administered to 44 children. The Slosson Intelligence Test (SIT) correlated .92 with the Stanford-Binet (SB), suggesting agreement in the ordering of individuals. A comparison of measured IQs indicated that the Slosson Intelligence Test overestimated IQ, when compared with the Stanford-Binet, for 39 of the 44 children. The results of the study also suggest that although a high degree of correlation was attained with the Stanford-Binet, the Slosson Intelligence Test does not produce comparable IQs for certain chronological age and intellectual functioning levels.     

Surviving in the regular classroom: A follow-up of mainstreamed children with learning disabilities

Twenty elementary-age children diagnosed as learning disabled were assessed for academic progress prior to their enrollment in a special learning disability program, at the end of that special L.D. enrollment and 1 year later, after mainstreaming into a regular classroom. Results indicated that learning gains in reading and mathematics during the mainstreamed year were comparable to learning gains found during the year of enrollment in the special L.D. program. However, a significant decrease in gains in the area of spelling was found for the mainstreamed year as compared to the prior year's enrollment in the special L.D. program. It was concluded that regular classroom instruction alone may be insufficient for mainstreamed children with learning disabilities and that supplemental programming seems necessary if prior rates of academic learning are to be maintained.     

Vulnerability to depression: cognitive reactivity and parental bonding in high-risk individuals

Although various conceptual proposals have suggested that disruptions in childhood bonding processes may be linked to the origins of these cognitive structures, little research has tested these proposals. This study assessed the information processing of vulnerable individuals and its relationship to childhood bonding. Formerly depressed (vulnerable) and never depressed (nonvulnerable) individuals participated in a mood induction task followed by an attentional allocation task. Results indicated that vulnerable individuals uniquely diverted attention toward negative stimuli when they were in a negative mood. Furthermore, level of maternal caring was found to be associated with performance on this task for vulnerable individuals in this mood state. These data support the idea that cognitive variables form a pathway between troublesome parental-child/adolescent interactions and depression.     

Escape From Traumas: Emigration And Hungarian Jewish Identity After The Holocaust

Unlike other European countries, at the turn of the 20th century, Hungary ensured complete legal and religious equality for Jews living in the country. As a result, they became strongly assimilated and identified themselves as Hungarian. Leading up to and during WWII, there was a gradual and steady deterioration of those legal and religious conditions, and the “betrayal” and persecution of Jews caused unspeakable trauma all over the world. After the defeat of the Nazis, only a small number of Holocaust survivors returned to their home country; the majority emigrated. This study provides a psychoanalytical analysis of the changes in Hungarian survivors’ psychic realities and the construction of their new identities, depending on the survival strategy they chose. The hypothesis is that the rebuilding of the demolished identity and the level of trauma elaboration depend on whether this process was done at the place of the trauma or in a different society. The study uses psychoanalytic and social psychology literature to follow the impacts of the emigration process, to draw conclusions and apply them to trauma elaboration after the Holocaust.

     

Telling stories to communicate the value of the pre‐employment structured job interview

In an effort to bridge the scientist–practitioner gap in the employee selection, some researchers have advocated telling stories to better communicate the value of evidence‐based hiring practices to human resource (HR) professionals. In this paper, we conducted two experiments that examine the efficacy of storytelling for overcoming managers’ resistance to use structured job interviews. In two experiments, we found that participants who read a story regarding the effectiveness of structured interviews, as opposed to receiving evidence‐based advice, reported more favorable attitudes toward structured job interviews. Serial mediation analysis revealed that the observed attitude change was mediated by an increase in narrative transportation and reduction in counterarguing. Implications for using stories in communicating the value of evidence‐based HR practices are discussed.