Immigration is a major factor that is greatly contributing to the unprecedented demographic changes that are presently occurring in the United States. This article discusses the challenges encountered by immigrants, taking into account the historical, sociopolitical, economic, cultural, and psychological factors that contribute to successful adjustment and adaptation to their new environment. In doing so, it outlines a new theoretical approach to working with this unique cultural group that is embedded in a multicultural/social justice helping perspective. 相似文献
Both future orientation and impulsivity are intrinsic parts of an adolescent’s self-control, and empirical evidence clearly establishes them as crucial features on the origin of juvenile deviant behavior. However, we do not yet fully understand how these variables relate in explaining deviant conduct. In the present study, we tested a mediation model between these variables among 126 Portuguese adolescents. Findings support the mediation model in analysis, namely that impulsivity fully mediates the effect of future orientation on deviant behavior. In conclusion, our results suggest that lesser future orientated youth develop impulsive behavior which, in turn, explains their higher deviant conduct. 相似文献
In contemporary society, digital media are fully integrated in our daily lives, indispensable for our routines, always connected and at-hand. Our research thus explores the parental mediation of portable digital devices in families with young children, addressing the following questions: (a) which are the most common parental mediation styles adopted towards young children; and (b) which individual features of the parents or contextual factors influence the parental mediation style adopted. Our methodology is exploratory and qualitative, considering as empirical corpus 14 national reports from the European-scale study “Young Children (0–8) and Digital Technologies” for a comparative thematic analysis. The authoritative style was the most common parental mediation style related to technology use. In general, there are transversal rules to all parental mediation styles (except laissez-faire style), such as withdraw or give devices to children according to their behavior, control (inappropriate) content and control the time of use. Also, parental perceptions and attitudes about the technologies played a heavier weight on the parental mediation style adopted, and consequently influenced the relationship of the children with digital media. Some implications for future studies, preventive actions, and family therapy are discussed. 相似文献
Vu la pertinence de la personnalité proactive et du comportement proactif pour l’efficacité des individus, des équipes et des organisations dans un environnement de plus en plus multiculturel, cette étude a examiné l’unidimensionnalité des formes abrégées de l’Echelle de Personnalité Proactive (PPS) de Bateman & Crant (1993) sur des données ni américaines, ni britanniques. L’unidimensionnalité des PPS à 10, 6, 5 et 4 items a été mise à l’épreuve grâce à une analyse factorielle et à une analyse de fidélité interne sur des échantillons indépendants provenant de trois pays: la Belgique (N= 822), la Finlande (N= 100) et l’Espagne (N= 100). Les résultats montrent que les versions de 4 et 5 items ne présentent aucune fidélité interne en Belgique, en Finlande et en Espagne, tandis que les deux autres formes abrégées sont satisfaisantes. L’analyse factorielle confirme qu’un modèle à facteur unique est une solution quasi optimale pour la PPS à 10 items. La PPS à 6 items mesure la personnalité proactive avec une fidélité interne cohérente à partir d’un facteur unique. Le score total sur l’échelle a été calculé par l’addition des scores sur les 6 items. On a obtenu sur un autre échantillon belge (N= 499) une corrélation des plus satisfaisantes (r= .92) entre la PPS de 6 items et la version originelle de 17 items. Given the relevance of proactive personality and proactive behavior for effectiveness of individuals, teams, and organisations in an increasingly multicultural context, this study investigated the unidimensionality of abbreviated forms of the Proactive Personality Scale (PPS; Bateman & Crant, 1993 ) beyond American and British data. The unidimensionality of the 10‐item, the 6‐item, the 5‐item, and the 4‐item PPS was tested through internal reliability analysis and factor analysis across independent samples in three countries (Belgium, N= 822; Finland, N= 100; Spain, N= 100). The results showed that the 5‐item and the 4‐item versions were not internally reliable in Belgium, Finland, and Spain, while the two other abbreviated forms of the PPS were. Factor analysis showed that a one‐factor solution for the 10‐item PPS was a sub‐optimal solution. The 6‐item PPS, however, measured the proactive personality in an internally consistent manner and through a single factor. The total score on the scale was calculated by adding up scores on the six items. In a separate Belgian sample (N= 499), correlations of the 6‐item PPS with the original 17‐item PPS proved satisfactory with r= .92. 相似文献
Contextual stimulus control over instrumental drug-seeking behavior relies on the reconsolidation of context-response-drug associative memories into long-term memory storage following retrieval-induced destabilization. According to previous studies, the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and dorsal hippocampus (DH) regulate cocaine-related memory reconsolidation; however, it is not known whether these brain regions interact or independently control this phenomenon. To investigate this question, rats were trained to lever press for cocaine reinforcement in a distinct environmental context followed by extinction training in a different context. Rats were then briefly re-exposed to the cocaine-paired context to destabilize cocaine-related memories, or they were exposed to an unpaired context. Immediately thereafter, the rats received unilateral microinfusions of anisomycin (ANI) into the BLA plus baclofen/muscimol (B/M) into the contralateral (BLA/DH disconnection) or ipsilateral DH, or they received contralateral or ipsilateral microinfusions of vehicle. They then remained in their home cages overnight or for 21 d, followed by additional extinction training and a test of cocaine-seeking behavior (nonreinforced active lever responding). BLA/DH disconnection following re-exposure to the cocaine-paired context, but not the unpaired context, impaired subsequent drug context-induced cocaine-seeking behavior relative to vehicle or ipsilateral ANI + B/M treatment. Prolonged home cage stay elicited a time-dependent increase, or incubation, of drug-context-induced cocaine-seeking behavior, and BLA/DH disconnection inhibited this incubation effect despite some recovery of cocaine-seeking behavior. Thus, the BLA and DH interact to regulate the reconsolidation of cocaine-related associative memories, thereby facilitating the ability of drug-paired contexts to trigger cocaine-seeking behavior and contributing to the incubation of cocaine-seeking behavior. 相似文献
We propose a method for capturing vocalizations that is designed to avoid some of the limiting factors found in traditional
bioacoustical methods, such as the impossibility of obtaining continuous long-term registers or analyzing amplitude due to
the continuous change of distance between the subject and the position of the recording system. Using Bluetooth technology,
vocalizations are captured and transmitted wirelessly into a receiving system without affecting the quality of the signal.
The recordings of the proposed system were compared to those obtained as a reference, which were based on the coding of the
signal with the so-called pulse-code modulation technique in WAV audio format without any compressing process. The evaluation showed p < .05 for the measured quantitative and qualitative parameters. We also describe how the transmitting system is encapsulated
and fixed on the animal and a way to video record a spider monkey’s behavior simultaneously with the audio recordings. 相似文献
Presentism, some say, is either the analytic triviality that the only things that exist now are ones that exist now or the obviously false claim that the only things that have ever existed or will are ones that exist now. I argue that the correct understanding of presentism is the latter and so understood the claim is not obviously false. To appreciate this one has to see presentism as strictly analogous to anti-Lewisean actualism. What this modal analogue makes evident is that singular tensed statements can have scope ambiguities and so can be thought of as true with the temporal operator represented by the tense read as having wide scope. Secondly, I argue that the analogy with the modal case also makes it clear that presentism must be understood as a thesis of the form: ‘the only things that have ever existed or ever will exist stand in relation R to this (present) utterance’, and is not a substantive topic for debate until relation R is characterized in non-temporal terms. However, despite the strict analogy, I argue that presentism may be a harder position to defend than actualism, since the truth-maker objection, properly interpreted, with Lewis, as based on a supervenience thesis, has more force as an objection to presentism since supervenience is itself a modal notion.
Growing racial and ethnic diversity in the United States and globally requires culturally competent mental health professionals who can address ongoing racial tensions and experiences of racism and xenophobia. Attending to racial and ethnic issues and infusing race and ethnic dialogues in group psychotherapy can play a major role in addressing mental health problems, promoting racial harmony, and healing deep psychological wounds and trauma that are the result of racial tensions. This article describes seven key issues necessary to effectively address race and ethnicity in group psychotherapy. 相似文献