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排序方式: 共有313条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
51.
Yoke Rabaia Joop de Jong Anita Abdullah Rita Giacaman Peter van de Ven 《International journal of psychology》2019,54(4):510-520
Interest in the well‐being of people exposed to long‐term violence and conflict has tended to focus on measurable effects of acute traumatic events, while attention to the pressures of their daily living context is relatively new. Using qualitative and quantitative data from a 2005 survey of all female family caretakers in 2 neighbouring Israeli‐occupied West Bank villages (n = 820), we explored the associations of demographic, health‐related and contextual factors with reported pressures and WHO‐5 well‐being index scores. The final model explained 17.8% of the variance with negative associations between health‐related factors (“back‐aches,” “stomach aches” “psychological illness in the family”) and family‐related factors (“male head of household aggressive”, “male head of household physically violent”) and the WHO‐5 well‐being index scores. We found positive associations between socio‐economic factors (“standard of living”; “number of rooms”) and village‐related factors (“residency in village A/B”) and the WHO‐5 well‐being index score. Exploring the daily living context of villages A and B illuminated how the impact of historical and political events differed, even in villages that are geographically close. The paper lends support to calls for including politics and history in research on well‐being in contexts of long‐term violence and conflict. 相似文献
52.
53.
Neural substrates of the ‘low‐level’ system for speech articulation: Evidence from primary opercular syndrome 下载免费PDF全文
Maria Caterina Silveri Francesco Incordino Rita Lo Monaco Alessandra Bizzarro Carlo Masullo Francesca Piludu Cesare Colosimo 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2017,11(3):450-457
We describe a patient with progressive disorder of speech, without language impairment (opercular syndrome). Morphometric analysis confirmed asymmetric volume reduction of the precentral areas (>left). Diffusion imaging showed significant white matter changes in the left frontal lobe, with specific involvement of the left corticobulbar tract and connections between supplementary/pre‐supplementary motor areas and the frontal operculum (frontal aslant tract). We suggest that the organization of expressive language includes a ‘low level’ motor system principally distributed in the left hemisphere that shows specific susceptibility to neurodegeneration, distinct from neural systems subtending praxic, and cognitive aspects of language. 相似文献
54.
Rita Chi‐Ying Chung 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2005,83(3):262-268
As the world becomes more globalized, psychological and counseling issues have become more pronounced. As social justice issues become illuminated on a global scale, there is increased attention to women as identified victims of social injustices and human rights violations. This article examines the role of professional counselors working with women from an international perspective with the intention to heighten awareness and understanding of the interrelationship of global women's issues and effective counseling interventions. 相似文献
55.
Rita Žukauskienė Alfredas Laurinavičius Ilona Čėsnienė 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(3):363-372
This study examined the factorial structure and validity of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV) in
a European forensic context. A random sample of 257 criminal offenders from the Lithuanian prison population were administered
the PCL:SV (Hart et al. 1995). The pattern of validity coefficients in this sample was comparable to other North American and non-North American samples.
Several theoretical factorial structures for the PCL:SV were tested and compared. The two-factor model was not supported,
while three- and four-factor models provided an acceptable fit to Lithuanian data. The four-factor model showed significantly
better fit compared to the two-factor model. Correlations between PCL:SV factors and demographic variables confirm construct
validity. However in the four-factor model, when controlling for correlations of the remaining three factors, only the Antisocial
factor significantly correlated with variables related to criminal activity. It was concluded that the overall results of
the PCL:SV in a male sample of Lithuanian offenders support cross-cultural generalizability of the construct of psychopathy
as measured by the PCL:SV. 相似文献
56.
Correlates of intellectual ability with morphology of the hippocampus and amygdala in healthy adults 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Several prior imaging studies of healthy adults have correlated volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala with measures of general intelligence (IQ), with variable results. In this study, we assessed correlations between volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala and full-scale IQ scores (FSIQ) using a method of image analysis that permits detailed regional mapping of this correlation throughout the surface contour of these brain structures. We delineated the hippocampus and amygdala in high-resolution magnetic resonance images of the brain from 34 healthy individuals. We then correlated FSIQ with overall volumes and with the surface morphologies of each of these structures. Hippocampus volumes correlated significantly and inversely with FSIQ independently of gender, age, socioeconomic status, and whole brain volume. Left and right hippocampus volumes correlated respectively with verbal and performance IQ subscales. Higher IQs were significantly associated with large inward deformations of the surface of the anterior hippocampus bilaterally. These findings suggest that a smaller anterior hippocampus contributes to an increased efficiency of neural processing that subserves overall intelligence. 相似文献
57.
Saul J Duffy J Noonan R Lubell K Wandersman A Flaspohler P Stillman L Blachman M Dunville R 《American journal of community psychology》2008,41(3-4):197-205
This article illustrates ideas for bridging science and practice generated during the Division of Violence Prevention's (DVP) dissemination/implementation planning process. The difficulty of moving what is known about what works into broader use is near universal, and this planning process pushed us to look beyond the common explanations (e.g., providers were resistant/unwilling to change practice) and think about the multiple layers and systems involved. As part of this planning process, the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation (ISF) was developed and then applied to the fields of child maltreatment and youth violence prevention. Challenges for each of the three systems in the ISF are discussed as well as and action and research ideas to address the challenges. Also described are actions taken by DVP in response to the planning process to illustrate how a funder can use the ISF to bridge science and practice. 相似文献
58.
Common and Unique Factors Associated with DSM-IV-TR Internalizing Disorders in Children 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Higa-McMillan CK Smith RL Chorpita BF Hayashi K 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(8):1279-1288
With the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM-IV Fourth Edition-Text Revision. Author, Washington, DC. 2000) ahead, decisions will be made about the future of taxonomic conceptualizations. This study examined the factor structure
of items from three internalizing disorders (Social Phobia, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Depression) on the Anxiety Disorders
Interview Schedule for DSM-IV-Child Version (Silverman, W. K., & Albano, A. M. Anxiety disorders interview schedule for children for DSM-IV, child and parent versions. Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, 1996). Two-, three-, and four-factor models emerged in an exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis provided additional
empirical support for the four-factor model over the two- or three-factor models. Implications for the structure of the DSM-V
taxonomy in children and adolescents are discussed. 相似文献
59.
This study evaluated the serial position curve based on free recall of spatial position sequences. To evaluate the memory processes underlying spatial recall, some manipulations were introduced by varying the length of spatial sequences (Exp. 1) and modifying the presentation rate of individual positions (Exp. 2). A primacy effect emerged for all sequence lengths, while a recency effect was evident only in the longer sequences. Moreover, slowing the presentation rate increased the magnitude of the primacy effect and abolished the recency effect. The main novelty of the present results is represented by the finding that better recall of early items in a sequence of spatial positions does not depend on the task requirement of an ordered recall but it can also be observed in a free recall paradigm. 相似文献
60.
Cornoldi C Bassani C Berto R Mammarella N 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2007,14(1):1-21
This study investigated the active component of visuo-spatial working memory (VSWM) in younger and older adults testing the hypotheses that elderly individuals have a poorer performance than younger ones and that errors in active VSWM tasks depend, at least partially, on difficulties in avoiding intrusions (i.e., avoiding already activated information). In two experiments, participants were presented with sequences of matrices on which three positions were pointed out sequentially: their task was to process all the positions but indicate only the final position of each sequence. Results showed a poorer performance in the elderly compared to the younger group and a higher number of intrusion (errors due to activated but irrelevant positions) rather than invention (errors consisting of pointing out a position never indicated by the experiementer) errors. The number of errors increased when a concurrent task was introduced (Experiment 1) and it was affected by different patterns of matrices (Experiment 2). In general, results show that elderly people have an impaired VSWM and produce a large number of errors due to inhibition failures. However, both the younger and the older adults' visuo-spatial working memory was affected by the presence of activated irrelevant information, the reduction of the available resources, and task constraints. 相似文献