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111.
Jenny C. Su Alisia G.T.T. Tran John G. Wirtz Rita A. Langteau Alexander J. Rothman 《Psychological science》2009,20(1):59-65
ABSTRACT— Did the September 11 terrorist attacks elicit a subsequent increase in traffic fatalities? Gigerenzer (2004) argued that decreases in flying and increases in driving in the 3 months after the attacks led to 353 "surplus" traffic fatalities. We applied a more systematic analysis to the same data and found no evidence of a significant increase in miles driven or of a significant increase in traffic fatalities. However, we did find evidence for a regional effect of the attacks on driving behaviors. We hypothesized that geographic proximity to the attacks increased stress, which in turn decreased driving quality. Our analyses revealed that in the last 3 months of 2001, the Northeast exhibited a significant increase in traffic fatalities, as well as a significant increase in fatal accidents involving an alcohol- or drug-related citation. Increased stress related to physical proximity to the attacks may explain the increase in traffic fatalities. 相似文献
112.
The structure of the Rye et al.’s Forgiveness Likelihood Scale was evaluated using the principal components analysis and Guttman’s
Smallest Space Analysis. Participants (n = 98) were students in Introduction to Psychology classes. While the former suggested a one-factor solution, the latter suggested
differentiating the items based on the facet of ease of forgiving with three subsets: easy, medium, and difficult items. Unexpectedly, the Total Forgiveness Likelihood Scale score and the
subscale based on just difficult items correlated significantly with the Fantasy subscale of the Interpersonal Reactivity
Index. A mapping sentence is offered with four facets and their putative constituent elements as a way to conceptualize the
development of new, or to improve upon current, forgiveness likelihood scales. 相似文献
113.
Visual attention in adolescents: Facilitating effects of sport expertise and acute physical exercise
Lucio Cereatti Rita Casella Manuela Manganelli Caterina Pesce 《Psychology of sport and exercise》2009,10(1):136-145
ObjectivesThis study investigated visual attention of adolescent orienteers and physically active adolescents non-practising orienteering both at rest and under acute sub-maximal exercise. It was verified whether the practice of orienteering facilitates the development of visual attentional abilities and whether orienteers, who are used to simultaneously handle physiological and cognitive-attentional loads, may better profit than non-orienteers from the beneficial effects of sub-maximal physical load on processing speed.MethodsBoth the focusing of attention at foveal and parafoveal locations and the orienting of attention at peripheral locations were investigated. In two discriminative reaction time (RT) experiments, a cue of varying size was presented centrally or peripherally and followed by a compound stimulus with local and global target features. The stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) varied between a short and a long interval.ResultsIn both experiments, adolescent orienteers and non-practisers showed different patterns of attentional effects. Adolescent orienteers were more similar to young adults in the attentional performance, being better able than non-practisers to perform complex attentional operations involving the intentional zooming of attention in the central visual field and the orienting of the attentional focus in the peripheral visual field. Also, both orienteers and non-orienteers speeded up their performance during exercise, but this facilitation effect was more pronounced for orienteers, who are probably skilled in directing the available resources to task demands.ConclusionsOur results suggest that cognitive expertise represents a key factor in sports that accelerates the development of visual attention and enhances the facilitating effects of physical exercise on attentional performance. 相似文献
114.
Rita D. DeBate Julie A. Baldwin Zachary Thompson Jen Nickelson Moya L. Alfonso Carol A. Bryant Leah M. Phillips Robert J. McDermott 《American journal of community psychology》2009,44(3-4):363-373
The benefits of physical activity for adolescents are well established. Multi-level interventions may be especially effective in establishing and sustaining health-enhancing behaviors. This study explored the influences of a multi-level community intervention aimed at increasing physical activity among tweens (youth 9–13). Two Florida school districts far apart served as intervention and comparison sites in a quasi-experimental post-test design. Youth in grades 5 through 8 in the intervention community (n = 1,253) and comparison community (n = 866) completed an anonymous post-intervention survey. An intent-to-treat analysis did not show any statistically significant group differences for the physical activity outcomes examined. However, a subset analysis revealed that students who reported participating in the intervention were more likely to be physically active than youth in the comparison group, as well as youth in the intervention community who reported not participating. Participating in the intervention was significantly related to meeting recommendations for vigorous physical activity (OR = 2.08, P = 0.0259), being physically active on weekends (OR = 1.84, P = 0.0017), and reporting more days of trying a new game or sport (OR = 1.49, P = 0.046) after controlling for grade, gender, race/ethnicity, and SES. These findings support the efficacy of multi-level interventions to create effective health behavior change, especially when linkages among community, media, schools, and the home are present. 相似文献
115.
Rita K. Teusch 《The Psychoanalytic quarterly》2014,83(3):755-781
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118.
Zina H. Tatsugawa Michelle A. Fox Carolyn Y. Fang Jessica M. Novak Rita M. Cantor Harold N. Bass Christine Dunkel-Schetter Barbara F. Crandall Wayne W. Grody 《Journal of genetic counseling》1994,3(4):279-289
Population-based screening for cystic fibrosis carrier mutations presents a number of challenges for genetic counselors, owing primarily to the inability of current DNA testing technology to identify all possible mutations and the difficulty involved in conveying the concept of residual risk to those patients who test negative. To address these issues, we are conducting a pilot study, as part of a consortium established by the National Center for Human Genome Research, to explore the efficacy, acceptance, and psychosocial impact of various approaches to carrier screening in an ethnically diverse Southern California population. This article reports the patient instructional and screening strategies we developed in the initial phase of the project in order to optimize our chances of answering these questions and delivering this service on a large scale. 相似文献
119.
Applications of a computer algebra system for teaching bivariate relationships in statistics courses
Maple, a computer algebra system, is used in undergraduate psychology courses to promote students’ conceptual learning of basic principles associated with bivariate relationships. Maple’s symbolic computation, graphic displays, and animation capabilities are used along with other classroom activities to study concepts related to (1) correlation coefficients, scatterplots, and regression lines, (2) factors that affect the magnitude of sample correlations, (3) inferential tests, and (4) prediction error. For each of the 15 Maple procedures, students select population correlation values and examine the effects of different values on computer-generated graphical representations of scatterplots, regression lines, and sample correlations. The procedures are described and examples of exercises to support their use are provided. 相似文献
120.
Roderick M. Chisholm John Corcoran Jorge Gracia L. S. Carrier T. N. Pelegrinis Alfred L. Ivry D. S. Clarke Jr. Leo Rauch Robert Young Michael J. Loux Rita Nolan Gerald Vision E. D. Klemke Ruth Anna Putnam Edward S. Reed Maurice Mandelbaum John Wettersten Rachel Shihor 《Philosophia》1983,13(1-2):81-191