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281.
Anna Rita Spein Marita Melhus Roald E. Kristiansen Siv E. Kvernmo 《Journal of religion and health》2011,50(4):1024-1039
It has been hypothesized that Laestadianism has contributed to the less drinking observed among indigenous Sami. This paper
further investigates the bivariate protective influence of Sami ethnicity on youth drinking behavior using logistic regressions.
We simultaneously controlled for the influence of religious revival movements (Laestadianism or evangelic) and religious importance
(being personally Christian), in addition to socio-demographics and parental factors. Cross-sectional data from the 1994/95
North Norwegian Youth Study including 2,950 (675 Sami) 15–19 year-old high school students (RR: 85%) was used. Sami ethnicity
was statistically significant for two out of six alcohol outcome measures, after adjustment for religiosity and other covariates,
indicating less current drinking and party drinking. Religiousness was associated with higher youth and parental abstinence
across ethnicities. Generally, stronger protective influences on drinking behavior were found for religious importance (being
personally Christian) than religious affiliation (Laestadianism). The non-significance between Sami and non-Sami drinking
may partly be explained by ethnic differences in religiosity, but also socio-demographics (e.g., residing in the Sami Highland)
and parental factors (e.g., abstinence) contributed to such a result. Laestadianism`s profound impact on Sami culture, and
its strong anti-alcohol norms may have contributed to a religious-socio-cultural context of abstinence. 相似文献
282.
Motor theories of speech perception have been re-vitalized as a consequence of the discovery of mirror neurons. Some authors have even promoted a strong version of the motor theory, arguing that the motor speech system is critical for perception. Part of the evidence that is cited in favor of this claim is the observation from the early 1980s that individuals with Broca’s aphasia, and therefore inferred damage to Broca’s area, can have deficits in speech sound discrimination. Here we re-examine this issue in 24 patients with radiologically confirmed lesions to Broca’s area and various degrees of associated non-fluent speech production. Patients performed two same-different discrimination tasks involving pairs of CV syllables, one in which both CVs were presented auditorily, and the other in which one syllable was auditorily presented and the other visually presented as an orthographic form; word comprehension was also assessed using word-to-picture matching tasks in both auditory and visual forms. Discrimination performance on the all-auditory task was four standard deviations above chance, as measured using d′, and was unrelated to the degree of non-fluency in the patients’ speech production. Performance on the auditory–visual task, however, was worse than, and not correlated with, the all-auditory task. The auditory–visual task was related to the degree of speech non-fluency. Word comprehension was at ceiling for the auditory version (97% accuracy) and near ceiling for the orthographic version (90% accuracy). We conclude that the motor speech system is not necessary for speech perception as measured both by discrimination and comprehension paradigms, but may play a role in orthographic decoding or in auditory–visual matching of phonological forms. 相似文献
283.
John Sommers-Flanagan Brent G. Richardson Rita Sommers-Flanagan 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2011,41(2):69-80
Adolescents are often labeled as “resistant” to psychotherapy. Rather than blaming adolescent clients or psychotherapists,
this article conceptualizes adolescent resistance as normal behavior emanating from a challenging situation. Based on a developmentally
sensitive foundation and drawing from person-centered, motivational, solution-focused, choice theory, cognitive-behavioral,
and multicultural perspectives, several practical and evidence-based strategies for managing, reducing, or eliminating resistance
are provided. Case vignettes are used to illustrate specific strategies. Successful psychotherapy with adolescents requires
flexibility and openness, integration of diverse theoretical perspectives with contemporary empirical knowledge, and an attitude
of respect for adolescent autonomy. 相似文献
284.
Carolyn E. Schwartz Brian R. Quaranto Rita Bode Joel A. Finkelstein Paul A. Glazer Mirjam A. G. Sprangers 《Applied research in quality of life》2012,7(3):263-279
We evaluated whether resources mediate and/or moderate the relationship between altruism and health outcomes in adults with lumbar spine disorders. Hierarchical regression modeling on 243 persons with lumbar spine disorders evaluated gender differences and whether physical, emotional, and economic resources mediated or moderated the relationship between altruism (Schwartz Altruism) and health (Rand-36, PROMIS Pain Impact). Men and women had similar altruism subscale scores, but there were gender differences in the altruism-health relationships. Both men and women had better mental health with higher levels of Community Connection, after adjusting for Community Pressure, and this effect was mediated by emotional resources. Women evidenced better physical health and less pain impact when they endorsed higher levels of Community Connection and/or General Helping aspects of altruism. Physical and economic resources partially but did not fully mediate women??s altruism-physical health link. The altruism-pain impact link was not significant after adjusting for covariates. Men and women report similar levels of altruism but enjoy different benefits. Emotional resources explained the altruism-mental health link in both genders, but women experienced a physical health benefit of altruism that was not mediated by resources. Future research should test causal relationships. 相似文献
285.
Rita J. Arthur 《Teaching Theology & Religion》2012,15(1):72-83
This bibliography lists articles and books on teaching produced by workshop participants and grant recipients of the Wabash Center. It updates a similar list produced in 2007 and published in volume 10 number 3 of this journal. 相似文献
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Rita Berto 《International journal of psychology》2007,42(5):331-341
Nature is not only appreciated for its aesthetic characteristics, but is also a useful resource for people. It plays an important role in the process of attention restoration and recovery from stress. Young adults and adolescents assess natural environments as being more restorative than built environments. This study sought to test whether natural environments are more restorative than built environments for the elderly as well. The study is made up of two phases: (1) an empirical study with the elderly, (2) a comparison of data from the elderly with two earlier studies of adolescents and young adults. To achieve this aim a group of 50 elderly people (age range: 62–93 years) was asked to rate the restorative value of 10 pictures of environments ranging from natural to built, covering 5 environmental categories: housing, industrial zone, city streets, hills, and lakes. Each picture was assessed using the Perceived Restorativeness Scale. Participants were from three living situations: elderly living in a place for old people located in a green area (N = 18), elderly living in a place for old people located in an urban area (N = 20), and elderly living in their own homes (N = 12). Results showed that all three groups of the elderly evaluated the natural environments as more restorative than the built environments. The elderly data were then compared with the data from a sample of adolescents (N = 60, age range: 11–14 years) and of young adults (N = 100, age range: 18–29 years). All three groups rated natural environments as more restorative than built environments. The evaluation of preference and familiarity, however, differed between age groups, with adolescence being less familiar with and less in favour of natural environments than young adults and the elderly. Restorativeness and preference were correlated among all age groups, while familiarity and restorativeness were correlated only among the elderly. 相似文献
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