A Convergence/Divergence Perspective of Leadership Competencies Managers Believe are Most Important for Success in Organizations: A Cross-Cultural Multilevel Analysis of 40 Countries

Purpose  

We investigated the convergence and divergence perspectives in organizations to determine whether certain leadership competencies are universally endorsed by managers across countries (supporting convergence) as being important for success in organizations, or if the importance of the leadership competencies were dependent upon certain cultural dimensions (supporting divergence).     

Human genetic markers associated with variation in intellectual abilities and personality

Eight commonly-used genetic markers were correlated with the Verbal Reasoning (VR), Space Relations (SR) and Clerical Speed and Accuracy (CSA) tests of the Differential Aptitude Tests (DAT) and the Psychoticism (P), Extraversion (E), Neuroticism (N) and Lie (L), scales of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). In a sample of 122 undergraduate students tongue-curling ability, light eye color and inability to taste PTC were related to high intelligence, with dominant right eye, disconnected ear lobes and near-sightedness being associated with specific DAT scales. P showed a male-female sex difference. Dark eyes were related to E and N.     

Assessor cognitive processes in an operational assessment center

The purpose of this study was (a) to provide additional tests of C. E. Lance, Newbolt, et al.'s (2000) situational specificity (vs. method bias) interpretation of exercise effects on assessment center postexercise dimension ratings and (b) to provide competitive tests of salient dimension versus general impression models of assessor within-exercise evaluations of candidate performance. Results strongly support the situational specificity hypothesis and the general impression model of assessor cognitive processes in which assessors first form overall evaluations of candidate performance that then drive more specific dimensional ratings.     

The effects of counterfeiting on consumer search

• Counterfeit products and the brand pirates who make, distribute, and sell them continue to be a challenge for many marketers around the globe. Estimates of global sales for bogus products are in the hundreds of billions of dollars and recent evidence suggests that fakes are prevalent in both developed and developing countries. We investigate brand/product counterfeiting from a consumer search perspective. As the quality of counterfeits improves, it is becoming more difficult for the consumer to identify them. Interviews with 102 international informants yield a picture of the cues consumers use to detect counterfeits and the roles of face and taste in decisions to purchase or not to purchase fake goods. We conclude with a discussion of some managerial implications.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Chapter 1: Healing the Healer’s Art: A Letter to My Professors

ABSTRACT

This article seeks to articulate a problem I’ve noticed in the field of psychoanalysis—namely, the problem of closed-mindedness and reluctance to tolerate the coexistence of contradictory truths. I believe this problem is inhibiting the field from reaching its full potential to heal and continue to discover effective methods of healing. I call upon psychoanalysts and students of psychoanalysis to confront their own biases and attempt to open their minds to the possibility that all schools of psychoanalysis (i.e., Freudian, Kleinian, Kohutian, Jungian, etc.), as contradictory as their teachings and methods may seem, teach valid truths and valuable insights, the knowledge of which can only help us to become better healers. Essentially, the more we open our minds and welcome ideas from all subgenres of psychoanalysis, the more tools we have in our toolbox, and the better we will be able to treat our patients. If we insist that one school of psychoanalysis is superior, and reject the validity of differing viewpoints—if we are caught up in pride and the politics of our field, we are ultimately doing ourselves, our colleagues, and our patients a disservice.