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31.
Cognitive confidence in obsessive-compulsive disorder: distrusting perception, attention and memory 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hermans D Engelen U Grouwels L Joos E Lemmens J Pieters G 《Behaviour research and therapy》2008,46(1):98-113
Previous studies have established that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterised by significant levels of distrust in memory (e.g. for actions). Ironically, this lowered confidence is at least in part due to repeated checking, which is assumed to lower perceptual processing and thereby reduces vividness and detail of the recollections. In a previous study, Hermans, D., Martens, K., De Cort, K., Pieters, G., and Eelen, P. [(2003). Reality monitoring and metacognitive beliefs related to cognitive confidence in OCD. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 383-401] observed that OCD is not only characterised by reduced confidence in memory, but also by a similar distrust in attention (Hermans et al., 2003). The present study aimed at replicating and extending this finding. It was observed (a) that patients suffering from OCD showed less confidence in attention and memory than a clinical and a nonclinical control group; (b) that confidence in attention was uniquely related to checking behaviour, and (c) that repeated checking caused increased levels of distrust in attention. In addition, it was observed that cognitive distrust while performing OCD-related actions not only extends to attention, but also to perception. It is argued that research on metacognition in OCD should move beyond the study of memory. 相似文献
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We argue that our research objectives in Liechty, Pieters, and Wedel (2003) are to provide generalizable insights into covert visual attention to complex, multimodal stimuli in their natural context, through inverse inference from eye-movement data. We discuss the most important issues raised by Feng (2003) and Reichle and Nelson (2003), in particular the task definition, inclusion of ad features, object-based versus space-based attention and the evidence for the where and what streams.Author names are in reverse alphabetical order. 相似文献
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Rik Peels 《Philosophia》2011,39(2):345-355
In this paper, I respond to Pierre Le Morvan’s critique of my thesis that ignorance is lack of true belief rather than absence
of knowledge. I argue that the distinction between dispositional and non-dispositional accounts of belief, as I made it in
a previous paper, is correct as it stands. Also, I criticize the viability and the importance of Le Morvan’s distinction between
propositional and factive ignorance. Finally, I provide two arguments in favor of the thesis that ignorance is lack of true
belief rather than absence of knowledge. 相似文献
35.
Four studies tested the hypothesis that the emotion of benign envy, but not the emotions of admiration or malicious envy, motivates people to improve themselves. Studies 1 to 3 found that only benign envy was related to the motivation to study more (Study 1) and to actual performance on the Remote Associates Task (which measures intelligence and creativity; Studies 2 and 3). Study 4 found that an upward social comparison triggered benign envy and subsequent better performance only when people thought self-improvement was attainable. When participants thought self-improvement was hard, an upward social comparison led to more admiration and no motivation to do better. Implications of these findings for theories of social emotions such as envy, social comparisons, and for understanding the influence of role models are discussed. 相似文献
36.
Van de Vliet P Knapen J Fox K Onghena P David A Probst M Van Coppenolle H Pieters G 《Psychology, health & medicine》2003,8(4):399-408
The objective of this exploratory one-group pretest-posttest study was to evaluate the nature of psychological change in inward depressed psychiatric patients attending multi-disciplinary treatment, including physical activity, designed to improve mental well-being. Female depressed psychiatric patients (n?=?51) were examined before and after this programme over a period of 3 months. The following psychological parameters were assessed: depression, anxiety, global self-esteem, and physical self-perceptions. Depressed patients demonstrated statistically significant improvements in depression, anxiety, global self-esteem and physical self-worth (t(50) ranging from -3.76 to 4.65, all p?0.007; ES ranging from 0.53 to -0.65). Changes in depression and anxiety displayed a strong negative correlation with changes in global self-esteem, and those changes are independent of the initial severity of the depressive symptoms (?F(2,48) ranging from 0.03 to 0.70, n.s.). Patients with greater improvement in physical self-perceptions reported greater improvement anxious symptoms then patients who did not improve. Consequently, within the limitations of the research design it can be concluded that the programme appeared successful in improving psychological well-being in female depressed patients. Results also provide preliminary insight into the potential role of the physical self in recovery. 相似文献
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Musty RR 《The American psychologist》2007,62(6):602
Heinz Ludwig Ansbacher was born in Frankfurt, Germany, on October 21, 1904. He died at his home in Burlington, Vermont, on June 22, 2006, at the age of 101 years. Alfred Adler's influence led Ansbacher to the field of psychology, where he began a lifelong scholarship on the psychology of Alfred Adler. Among Heinz's distinctions and honors were being named a Fulbright lecturer at the University of Kiel, Germany, and serving as president of the North American Society of Adlerian Psychology. Many of us will remember Professor Ansbacher as a person who lived by Adlerian principles: encouraging others while helping them to find a goal in life. 相似文献
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Envy is a frustrating emotion that arises from upward social comparison. Two studies investigated the appraisals that distinguish benign envy (aimed at improving one's own situation) from malicious envy (aimed at pulling down the superior other). Study 1 found that appraisals of deservingness and control potential differentiated both types of envy. We manipulated these appraisals in Study 2 and found that while both did not influence the intensity of envy, they did determine the type of envy that resulted. The more a situation was appraised as undeserved, the more participants experienced malicious envy. Benign envy was experienced more when the situation was not undeserved, and the most when the situation was appraised as both deserved and controllable. The current research also clarifies how the types of envy differ from the related emotions admiration and resentment. 相似文献
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Els Joos Debora Vansteenwegen Els Brunfaut Tim Bastiaens Koen Demyttenaere Guido Pieters Dirk Hermans 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2012,34(1):35-47
Based on the widely used Penn State Worry Questionnaire for trait worry, a scale was developed to measure the level of worry
experienced during the past 24 h. This instrument, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire—Past Day (PSWQ-PD), was administered
to a student sample and two clinical samples. The PSWQ-PD demonstrated high internal consistency, good convergent validity
and adequate test-retest reliability. A confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a unifactorial solution provided the best
fit. Moreover, it was shown that the PSWQ-PD is a more state-like worry measure than the original PSWQ. The PSWQ-PD is a promising,
brief tool for daily worry assessment, which is apt for frequent administration. 相似文献