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271.
Eric?RassinEmail author Peter?Muris Jeffrey?Jong Gwendolijn?de?Bruin 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2005,27(4):253-258
In the clinical literature, thought suppression is considered to play a role in the development of intrusion-related psychiatric syndromes, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, acute or posttraumatic stress disorder, phobias, and addiction. This assumption goes back to a study by D. M. Wegner, D. J. Schneider, S. R. Carter, and T. L. White (1987) in which participants were asked to suppress thoughts of a white bear, an assignment that proved to be nearly impossible to complete. The present two studies sought to explore the influence of the content of control instructions on intrusion frequency in thought suppression experiments. Notably, during nonsuppression (i.e., control) periods, participants can either be instructed to think about white bears (i.e., expression instruction), or to think of anything including white bears (i.e., liberal instruction). Results indicated that expression instructions resulted in an increased number of target thoughts, while liberal instructions did not. Implications for the interpretation of thought suppression findings are discussed. 相似文献
272.
Robert?F.?BornsteinEmail author 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2005,27(2):67-76
Meta-analysis of studies assessing interpersonal dependency in child abuse perpetrators (N of studies = 7) and victims (N of studies = 9) indicated that perpetrators have higher dependency levels than nonabusing controls (d = 0.43), and child abuse victims have higher dependency levels in early adulthood than people who were not abused as children (d = 0.47). An array of other personality traits and disorders showed comparable associations with abuse suggesting that in both populations increased dependency reflects a generalized increase in pathology and distress. Theoretical implications of these results are discussed, and suggestions for future research on dependency and abuse are offered. 相似文献
273.
Julie?Loebach?WetherellEmail author Margaret?Gatz 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2005,27(1):17-24
The authors investigated the psychometric properties of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) in a sample of 75 older generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients and a comparison group of 32 older adults without significant psychopathology. Internal consistency was above .80, and the BAI showed evidence of convergent validity in both groups. Evidence for discriminant validity with respect to measures of depression was weaker. Two items, fearing the worst and nervousness, correctly distinguished 86.5% of patients with GAD and 93.8% of the normal controls. Medical comorbidity was associated with somatic but not cognitive anxiety symptoms in the normal older sample. Overall, results indicate the limitations of the BAI in assessing anxiety symptoms in older adults and suggest the need for use of an instrument focusing on cognitive aspects of anxiety. 相似文献
274.
Paul?A.?BoelenEmail author Gerty?J.?L.?M.?Lensvelt-Mulders 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2005,27(4):291-303
Cognitive behavioral conceptualizations of complicated grief propose that negative cognitions play a core role in the development and persistence of emotional problems after bereavement, because they generate negative emotions and cause mourners to engage in counterproductive attempts to avoid the implications and the pain of the loss. To facilitate the assessment of potentially problematic cognitions after bereavement, the Grief Cognitions Questionnaire (GCQ) has been developed—a 38-item questionnaire representing 9 categories of cognitions. Building on a previous study that supported the reliability and validity of the GCQ, the current study further examined its psychometric properties, with data of 531 bereaved individuals who completed research questionnaires online through the Internet. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the nine-factor structure with 9 interrelated factors. The reliability and convergent and discriminative validity were found to be adequate. Altogether the GCQ seems to be a useful tool for the assessment of negative thinking after bereavement in research and clinical practice. 相似文献
275.
Jennifer?L.?VecchioEmail author Christopher?A.?Kearney 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2005,27(1):31-37
Fifteen children with selective mutism (SM), 15 children with anxiety disorders (AD) without selective mutism, and 15 children without anxiety disorders or selective mutism (CN) were compared to examine the relationship between selective mutism and anxiety. Data were collected from children (age 4–10 years), parents, teachers, and clinicians. Results indicated that children with SM closely resemble children with AD. All children with SM received a diagnosis of social anxiety disorder and 53% received a diagnosis for an additional anxiety disorder. In addition, the SM and AD groups differed substantially from controls with respect to parent- and teacher-rated internalizing behavior problems. No differences among the groups were found with respect to parent-and teacher-reported externalizing behavior problems. The results are consistent with prior research emphasizing the association between selective mutism and anxiety disorders, and suggest that selective mutism may be conceptualized, assessed, and treated as an anxiety-related problem. 相似文献
276.
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an important condition confronting patients, clinicians, and researchers. This article provides information concerning the need for appropriate diagnosis of CFS subtypes. We first review findings suggesting that CFS is best conceptualized as a separate diagnostic entity rather than as part of a unitary model of functional somatic distress. Next, research involving the case definitions of CFS is reviewed. Findings suggest that whether a broad or more conservative case definition is employed, and whether clinic or community samples are recruited, these decisions will have a major influence in the types of patients selected. Review of further findings suggests that subtyping individuals with CFS on sociodemographic, functional disability, viral, immune, neuroendocrine, neurology, autonomic, and genetic biomarkers can provide clarification for researchers and clinicians who encounter CFS characteristically confusing heterogeneous symptom profiles. Treatment studies that incorporate subtypes might be particularly helpful in better understanding the pathophysiology of CFS. This review suggests that there is a need for greater diagnostic clarity, and this might be accomplished by subgroups that integrate multiple variables including those in cognitive, emotional, and biological domains. 相似文献
277.
Cognitive deficits associated with early Alzheimers disease (AD) have been recently operationalised in terms of an acquisition deficit and the research supporting this view is presented. However, there is still debate concerning the nature of this deficit and how underlying cognitive processes may be detrimentally affecting the ability to acquire new information in early AD. This review argues that the pattern of cognitive deficits contributing to the acquisition impairment in early AD patients may be readily interpreted within the context of a working memory model. Isolating the component processes of working memory that underlie the acquisition deficit in early AD patients will aid in the design of clinical applications that are focussed at enhancing the ability to acquire new information in everyday life. 相似文献
278.
McConkie-Rosell A Finucane B Cronister A Abrams L Bennett RL Pettersen BJ 《Journal of genetic counseling》2005,14(4):249-270
These recommendations describe the minimum standard criteria for genetic counseling and testing of individuals and families
with fragile X syndrome, as well as carriers and potential carriers of a fragile X mutation. The original guidelines (published
in 2000) have been revised, replacing a stratified pre- and full mutation model of fragile X syndrome with one based on a
continuum of gene effects across the full spectrum of FMR1 CGG trinucleotide repeat expansion. This document reviews the molecular
genetics of fragile X syndrome, clinical phenotype (including the spectrum of premature ovarian failure and fragile X-associated
tremor-ataxia syndrome), indications for genetic testing and interpretation of results, risks of transmission, family planning
options, psychosocial issues, and references for professional and patient resources. These recommendations are the opinions
of a multicenter working group of genetic counselors with expertise in fragile X syndrome genetic counseling, and they are
based on clinical experience, review of pertinent English language articles, and reports of expert committees. These recommendations
should not be construed as dictating an exclusive course of management, nor does use of such recommendations guarantee a particular
outcome. The professional judgment of a health care provider, familiar with the facts and circumstances of a specific case,
will always supersede these recommendations. 相似文献
279.
Doctor's Expertise and Managing Discrepant Information from Other Sources in Genetic Counseling: A Conversation Analytic Perspective 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The study examines a recurrent interactional pattern in genetic counseling. It describes clinical geneticists' responses in
situations in which clients have presented information from other sources that is potentially discrepant with information
given by the doctor. The data consists of 12 video-recorded sessions of genetic counseling in Finland, and the method is conversation
analysis. There are two primary ways the doctors respond: either they accept the client's information as such, but show that
it is not discrepant with the doctor's information, or they reject the client's information. In the latter case they mitigate
the ‘wrongness’ of the client's information. The clinical geneticists seem to be working with a dilemma: they need to find
a balance between ensuring correct understanding of the information and showing respect for the expertise of others. A particularly
complex case is also analyzed and reflected on. 相似文献
280.
Claes E Evers-Kiebooms G Denayer L Decruyenaere M Boogaerts A Philippe K Legius E 《Journal of genetic counseling》2005,14(5):349-363
This prospective study evaluates emotional functioning and illness representations in 68 unaffected women (34 carriers/34
noncarriers) 1 year after predictive testing for BRCA1/2 mutations when offered within a multidisciplinary approach. Carriers had higher subjective risk perception of breast cancer
than noncarriers. Carriers who did not have prophylactic oophorectomy had the highest risk perception of ovarian cancer. No
differences were found between carriers and noncarriers regarding perceived seriousness and perceived control of breast and
ovarian cancer. Mean levels of distress were within normal ranges. Only few women showed an overall pattern of clinically
elevated distress. Cancer-specific distress and state-anxiety significantly decreased in noncarriers from pre- to posttest
while general distress remained about the same. There were no significant changes in distress in the group of carriers except
for ovarian cancer distress which significantly decreased from pre- to posttest. Our study did not reveal adverse effects
of predictive testing when offered in the context of a multidisciplinary approach. 相似文献