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The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of the literature on SCN in order to illustrate the methodological issues involved in using biochemical indices of behavior. We discuss issues related to the sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and reportedly long half-life of SCN. We also briefly discuss how these issues relate to other biochemical indices of smoking. We conclude with suggestions for improving the measurement of smoking status. 相似文献
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Rohsenow DJ Howland J Winter M Bliss CA Littlefield CA Heeren TC Calise TV 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2012,121(1):270-275
Predicting continued problematic levels of drinking after the early 20's could help with early identification of persons at risk. This study investigated whether hangover insensitivity could predict postcollege drinking and problems beyond the variance due to drinking patterns. In a preliminary study, 134 college seniors from a laboratory study of hangover (Time 1) were contacted and assessed 1-4 years (M = 2.3) later (Time 2). Hangover severity was studied after controlled alcohol administration to a specific dose while controlling sleep and environmental influences. Hangover severity at Time 1 was used to predict Time 2 drinking volume and problems while controlling for relevant demographics and Time 1 drinking volume. Hangover insensitivity at Time 1 tended to predict a clinical level of alcohol problems with a large statistical effect size. Hangover sensitivity also correlated positively with sensitivity to alcohol intoxication. Hangover severity did not predict future drinking volume. Hangover insensitivity correlates with insensitivity to intoxication and might predict more serious alcohol problems in the future, suggesting that a future larger study is warranted. Hangover insensitivity could result from physiological factors underlying low sensitivity to alcohol or risk for alcoholism. 相似文献
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A detailed analysis was made of the data of a previous paper by Bliss et al (1966). That paper describes a series of experiments, in which 2 to 12 simultaneous air-jet stimuli were presented on the 24 phalanges of both hands. In addition, new data from an early blind S, whose performance was significantly better, is compared to the data of the original four Ss. Memory properties of all five Ss estimated by whole- and partial-reporting techniques gave evidence for a tactile short-term memory that (1) has a duration of a few seconds, (2) varies considerably in size (but not in temporal characteristics) for different Ss, and (3) has a capacity limited by spatial resolution. Tactile masking did not account for the limited spatial resolution, but a stimulus-spreading (or lateral-excitation) model did. 相似文献
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James C. Bliss Hewitt D. Crane Stephen W. Link 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1966,1(4):195-202
The effect of display movement on the ability of subjects to recognize alphabetic shapes tactually was investigated. The display consisted of a computer-controlled 8-by-6 array of small airjet stimulators that could be physically translated in a small circle by means of a mechanical linkage. The experimental parameters were the stimulus duration, the angular velocity of the display, and the amplitude of the rotation. Recognition accuracy increased with stimulus duration between 100 and 400 msec. For a rotation amplitude of 0.8 cm, a maximum in recognition accuracy occurred at a rotation velocity of 400 rpm, or 150 msec. per revolution. The optimum angular velocity appeared to decrease as the amplitude of rotation increased. From these results and certain related neurophysiological evidence, a hypothetical model is suggested which qualitatively can account for the data. 相似文献
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Ricki Bliss 《Metaphilosophy》2014,45(2):245-256
Metaphysicians of a certain stripe are almost unanimously of the view that grounding is necessarily irreflexive, asymmetric, transitive, and well‐founded. They deny the possibility of circles of ground and, therewith, the possibility of species of metaphysical coherentism. But what's so bad about circles of ground? One problem for coherentism might be that it ushers in anti‐foundationalism: grounding loops give rise to infinite regresses. And this is bad because infinite grounding regresses are vicious. This article argues that circles of ground do not necessarily give rise to infinite regresses, and where they do, those regresses are not necessarily vicious. 相似文献
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