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While considerable research has investigated the relationship of sex and/or sex role to general or trait anxiety, little is known about their relationship to more specific anxiety types. Based on the postulate that sex and sex-role differences may depend on the extent to which an anxiety-producing situation represents a sex-stereotypic domain, the present study compared their relationships to four measures of anxiety: Math anxiety, test anxiety, and two measures of trait anxiety. Subjects were 180 undergraduate students enrolled in introductory psychology courses. Although females reported higher levels of anxiety on all four scales than did males, a discriminant function analysis indicated that math anxiety was the strongest contributor to the separation of the sexes. Significant score differences as a function of sex role were found using the STAI A-Trait scale, and a significant sex × sex-role interaction was found for scores on the S-R Inventory of Anxiousness. Feminine-typed males and undifferentiated females reported highest anxiety levels in comparison to same-sex individuals. Implications for the understanding and treatment of both general and situationally specific anxiety are discussed. 相似文献
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Bianca Calabria Anthony P. Shakeshaft Anton Clifford Chiara Stone Philip J. Clare Julaine Allan Donna Bliss 《International journal of psychology》2020,55(Z1):88-95
There is a lack of evidence of effective and appropriate drug and alcohol treatment for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. This paper contributes to addressing the evidence gap by examining the feasibility and acceptability and conducting a pre/post-evaluation of the Aboriginal-adapted Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) delivered in New South Wales, Australia. Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal clients (n = 55) received tailored CRA delivery between March and November 2013. Compared to the original US version, tailored CRA had reduced technical language, reduced number of treatment sessions, and the addition of group delivery option. An Australian training manual with local case studies was developed. Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Test (ASSIST), Kessler-5 (K-5) and the Growth Empowerment Measure were used. 58% of participants were followed-up at 3 months. Tailored CRA was feasible to deliver in a rural, community-based health setting, and rated by clients as highly effective and acceptable. CRA was associated with statistically significant reductions in the use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, amphetamine and over the counter medication, and levels of psychological distress, and an increase in levels of empowerment for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal clients. This study provides evidence for the feasibility and acceptability of an Aboriginal-adapted psychological intervention addressing drug, alcohol and mental health outcomes. 相似文献
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Hollander E Phillips A King BH Guthrie D Aman MG Law P Owley T Robinson R 《CNS spectrums》2004,9(1):49-56
There are specific challenges to studying the design of pharmacologic trials in child/adolescent and adult autism, such as subject stratification and parallel versus crossover designs. This article describes how optimal study design is influenced by subject selection and outcome measures chosen. Lessons learned in study design from the Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Autism Network trial with risperidone, Seaver Center trials with fluoxetine and valproate, Dartmouth trials with amantadine, and National Institutes of Health secretin trials are highlighted. The Internet System for Assessing Autistic Children system for managing multicenter clinical trials in autism and statistical issues in autism research are also described. 相似文献
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Crystal L. Park Haikel Lim Max Newlon D. P. Suresh Deborah E. Bliss 《Journal of religion and health》2014,53(2):579-590
We examined relationships between seven dimensions of religion/spirituality (RS) (forgiveness, daily spiritual experiences, belief in afterlife, religious identity, religious support, public practices, and positive RS coping) and three dimensions of well-being (physical, mental, and existential) in a sample of 111 patients with advanced chronic heart failure. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline and 3 months later. Results showed that fairly high levels of RS were reported on all seven dimensions. Furthermore, RS dimensions were differentially related to well-being. No aspect of RS was related to physical well-being, and only a few aspects were related to mental well-being. Forgiveness was related to less subsequent depression, while belief in afterlife was related to poorer mental health. All aspects of RS were related to at least one aspect of existential well-being. In particularly, daily spiritual experiences were linked with higher existential well-being and predicted less subsequent spiritual strain. These results are consistent with the view that in advanced disease, RS may not affect physical well-being but may have potent influences on other aspects of well-being, particularly existential aspects. 相似文献
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Lourdes P. Dale Laura E. Carroll Gillian C. Galen Rachel Schein Amanda Bliss Allison M. Mattison 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(1):90-102
Women who experienced abuse as children or adults can suffer from symptoms such as dissociations, physiological regulation difficulties, and mood disturbances that might not respond to traditional interventions. Given the benefits of yoga, we hypothesized that yoga practice would ameliorate the negative impact of abuse on psychological functioning. Our findings suggest that frequent yoga practice might ameliorate the negative impact of abuse history on self-concept and coping skills. In addition, our findings suggest that women who incorporate yoga into other areas of life could get the greatest psychological benefits. Given the preliminary nature of this study, further research into the benefits of yoga on women who have child or adult abuse histories is warranted. 相似文献
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We have measured depolarization-induced release of endogenous glutamate in synaptosomes prepared from the dentate gyrus after the induction of LTP by high-frequency stimulation in anesthetized rats, and after training in the water maze. Both spatial training and LTP in untrained rats were accompanied by an increase in glutamate release from dentate synaptosomes. The enhancement of synaptosomal glutamate release induced by high-frequency stimulation was abolished in well-trained rats, and was reduced in partially trained rats and in rats trained in a nonspatial task. However, the magnitude of LTP was similar in well-trained and untrained groups. These results indicate that spatial training activates a glutamate release pathway that converges with that activated in LTP, and demonstrate an unexpected dissociation between increased glutamate release and LTP. 相似文献
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Either two or three brief (10 msec) airjet stimuli were sequentially presented to any of the 24 interjoint regions of the fingers (thumbs excluded). The stimulus onset interval (SOI) ranged from zero (simultaneous presentation) through 200 msec. The S’s task in one part of the experiment was to report the positions stimulated in the order that the stimuli were presented; in a second part it was to rate the apparent motion produced by the stimulus sequence. While the ability of Ss to spatially localize the stimuli was a constant independent of SOI, their ability to temporally order the stimuli depended strongly on SOI. With two stimuli, these sequential errors decayed exponentially with SOI with a time constant of 26 msec. With three stimuli, however, both the sequential errors and equivalent temporal Urnen were more than twice as large as with two stimuli, indicating that the three-stimulus task is considerably more difficult than the two, and that the same simple temporal resolution model does not explain both cases. A model with a constant rate of information uptake, however, can explain both of these cases. 相似文献
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Stacy L. Bliss Christopher H. Skinner Elizabeth McCallum Lee B. Saecker Emily Rowland-Bryant Katie S. Brown 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2010,19(2):156-168
An adapted alternating treatments design was used to compare the effectiveness of a taped-problems (TP) intervention with
TP and an additional immediate assessment (TP + AIA) on the multiplication fluency of six fifth-grade students. During TP,
the students listened to a tape playing a series of multiplication problems and answers three times. Students were instructed
to try to beat the tape by writing each answer before they heard it on the tape. The interval between each problem and answer
was varied as the problems were repeated. For the TP + AIA condition, immediately after completing TP, students completed
an extra assessment sheet consisting of the same problems heard on the tape. Results showed increases in math-fact fluency
across both treatment sets of problems (TP and TP + AIA) and a control set of problems. However, results varied across students
and only two of the students showed meaningful gains when the TP was supplemented with the AIA. Implications and directions
for future research are discussed. 相似文献