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431.
We are biased towards thinking that people are telling the truth. Our study represents the first test of how beliefs about the base rate of truths and lies affect this truth bias. Raters were told either 20, 50 or 80% of the speakers would be telling the truth. As the speaker delivered their statement, participants indicated moment by moment whether they thought the speaker was lying or being truthful. At the end of the statement, they made a final lie–truth judgment and indicated their confidence. While viewing the statement, base rate beliefs had an early influence, but as time progressed, all conditions showed a truth bias. In the final judgment at the end of the statement, raters were truth biased when expecting mostly truths but did not show a lie bias when expecting mostly lies. We conclude base rate beliefs have an early influence, but over time, a truth bias dominates. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
432.
The surviving sisters club: Examining social support and posttraumatic growth among FDNY 9/11 widows
Katherine M. Richardson 《Journal of Loss and Trauma》2016,21(1):1-15
This paper examines the relationship between social support and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among a sample of 55 widows who lost their firefighter husbands in the 9/11 World Trade Center attacks. Data revealed that 73% gathered informally with other 9/11 widows in the years following the attacks and 55% participated in one-on-one therapy. Results found PTG was related to attending an FDNY-sponsored support group (r = .37), one-on-one therapy (r = .37), and socializing with other FDNY widows (r = .29). Qualitative responses suggested the primary benefits of informal peer support were a shared understanding of grief, close companionship, and emotional strength. 相似文献
433.
Evin W. Richardson Jacquelyn K. Mallette Catherine W. O’Neal Jay A. Mancini 《Journal of child and family studies》2016,25(6):1765-1776
The current correlational study examines the association between internal and external military family contextual factors (e.g., parental rank, having multiple military parents, school changes, living more than 30 min from a military installation, parental deployment, relationship provisions) and military youth well-being outcomes (i.e., depressive symptoms, anxiety, self-efficacy) in a sample of children of active duty military members (i.e., military youth). Data from 749 military youth, ages 11–14, were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The model explained a reasonable amount of the variation in the outcomes of interest (r-square statistics for depressive symptoms, anxiety, and self-efficacy were .151, .018, and .086, respectively). Results indicated that military youth who reported more social provisions experienced fewer depressive symptoms and more self-efficacy. Youth who reported certain military risk factors (i.e., parental rank; living farther from the military installation; multiple school changes) were associated with decreased well-being (i.e., more depressive symptoms and anxiety and less self-efficacy). However, findings suggest that participation in military programs may serve a moderating or buffering factor for these youth. 相似文献
434.
April Taylor-Clift Stevan E. Hobfoll James I. Gerhart DeJuran Richardson James E. Calvin Lynda H. Powell 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2016,29(2):139-152
Background and Objectives: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are associated with high disease burden. Pathways by which PTSD and MDD contribute to disease burden are not understood. Design: Path analysis was used to examine pathways between PTSD symptoms, MDD symptoms, and disease burden among 251 low-income heart failure patients. Methods: In Model 1, we explored the independent relationship between PTSD and MDD symptoms on disease burden. In Model 2, we examined the association of PTSD symptoms and disease burden on MDD symptoms. We also examined indirect associations of PTSD symptoms on MDD symptoms, mediated by disease burden, and of PTSD symptoms on disease burden mediated by MDD symptoms. Results: Disease burden correlated with PTSD symptoms (r = .41; p < .001) and MDD symptoms (r = .43; p < .001) symptoms. Both models fit the data well and displayed comparable fit. MDD symptoms did not mediate the association of PTSD symptoms with disease burden. Disease burden did mediate the relationship between PTSD symptoms and MDD symptoms. Conclusions: Results support the importance of detection of PTSD in individuals with disease. Results also provide preliminary models for testing longitudinal data in future studies. 相似文献
435.
Kenneth G. Rice Clarissa M. E. Richardson Stephen Tueller 《Journal of personality assessment》2014,96(3):368-379
We created a shorter and more refined item set from the Almost Perfect Scale–Revised (APS–R; Slaney, Mobley, Trippi, Ashby, & Johnson, 1996; Slaney, Rice, Mobley, Trippi, & Ashby, 2001) to measure 2 major dimensions of perfectionism: standards (high performance expectations) and discrepancy (self-critical performance evaluations). In Study 1, after testing the internal structure of the measure (N = 749), a subset of the current APS–R items was derived (Short Almost Perfect Scale [SAPS]) that possessed good psychometric features, such as strong item–factor loadings, score reliability, measurement invariance between women and men, and criterion-related validity through associations with neuroticism, conscientiousness, academic performance, and depression. Controlling for neuroticism and conscientiousness, factor mixture modeling supported a 2-factor, 3-class model of perfectionism, and results were consistent with labeling the classes as nonperfectionists and adaptive and maladaptive perfectionists. Measurement results were cross-validated in a separate sample (N = 335). Study 2 also provided substantial evidence for the convergent, discriminant, and criterion-related validity of SAPS scores. Both studies supported the SAPS as a brief and psychometrically strong measure of major perfectionism factors and classes of perfectionists. 相似文献
436.
437.
Matthew C. Fullen Darcy Haag Granello Virginia E. Richardson Paul F. Granello 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2018,96(4):424-435
The authors surveyed 210 adults ages 56 to 97 to better understand which variables affect perceptions of aging. A correlational design was used to determine whether wellness and resilience predicted positive age perception and internalized ageism among this group. Both variables were found to significantly predict age perception, and the data supported an interaction effect between age and resilience when predicting internalized ageism. Results may inform counselors, counselor educators, and other professionals who work with older adults. 相似文献
438.
439.
Thomas Richardson Paul Stallard Sophie Velleman 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2010,13(3):275-290
Research has shown that computerised cognitive behaviour therapy (cCBT) can be effective in the treatment of depression and
anxiety in adults, although the outcomes with children and adolescents are unclear. The aim of the study is to systematically
review the literature on the effectiveness of cCBT for the prevention and treatment of depression and anxiety in children
and adolescents. EMBASE, PsychInfo and Pubmed were searched using specific terms and inclusion criteria for cCBT studies involving
young people under the age of 18. A hand search was also conducted, and the authors were contacted to identify additional
papers. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. These included case series and randomised controlled trials concerned with
both treatment and prevention. Six different software packages were described that varied in length and the nature and extent
of professional contact and supervision. All studies reported reductions in clinical symptoms and also improvements in variables
such as behaviour, self-esteem and cognitions. Satisfaction with treatment was moderate to high from both children and parents,
though levels of drop out and non-completion were often high. Additional randomised controlled trials are required, as the
literature is currently limited. However, preliminary evidence suggests that cCBT is an acceptable and effective intervention
for this age group. 相似文献
440.
What comprises ‘data’ varies from one institution to another based on the information which is deemed important by individual
institutions. To effectively and efficiently produce, collect, and retain data, an organization develops specific defining
characteristics of data to meet its informational needs. Procedures to maintain and retain knowledge among laboratory members
and principal investigators will allow for improved efficiency of data collection. Optimization of communication, maintenance
of inventories, record keeping, and updating relevant training programs are all critical to supporting the quality and integrity
of a particular organization’s data. Concurrent revisions to such procedures will ensure that the definition of data as well
as the means by which it is collected and maintained remain appropriate to the needs of the individual organization. 相似文献