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911.
Annette Brömdal Amy B. Mullens Tania M. Phillips Jeff Gow 《International Journal of Transgenderism》2019,20(1):4-20
Background: Despite transgender people being more visible in prison systems, research suggests they are at higher risk of experiencing sexual violence compared to other prisoners. Research also suggests that transgender prisoners experience harassment, and physical and sexual assault by fellow prisoners, and prison officers who lack transgender-specific health knowledge. There exist no systematic reviews on the experiences of transgender people in prisons. This review aims to fill this research gap. The following question developed in consultation with transgender, sexual health/HIV and corrective services stakeholders has guided the systematic review: What are transgender and gender-diverse prisoners’ experiences in various prison settings and what are their knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding sexual behaviors and HIV/STIs?Methods: The review followed the PRISMA guidelines and searches were conducted in four databases for the period of January 2007 to August 2017. Studies were assessed against predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included studies were peer-reviewed, written in English with online full-text availability and reported data on transgender and gender-diverse prisoner experiences relevant to the research question.Results: Eleven studies (nine qualitative, one quantitative, one mixed-methods; nine in USA, two in Australia) met the criteria for review. Four studies were of high quality, six were of good/acceptable quality, and one study was of modest quality. Transgender and gender-diverse prisoners reported a range of challenges which included sexual assault, discrimination, stigma, harassment, and mistreatment. Information on their sexual health and HIV/STIs knowledge, attitudes, practices is in short supply. Also, their lack of access to gender-affirming, sexual health/STIs and mental health services is commonplace.Conclusions: The experiences of transgender prisoners as reported in this review are almost uniformly more difficult than other prisoners. Their “otherness” is used as a weapon against them by fellow prisoners through intimidation and violence (including sexual) and by prison officers through neglect and ignorance. 相似文献
912.
Philosophical Studies - This paper exposes a common mistake concerning the division of linguistic labor. I characterize the mistake as an overgeneralization from natural kind terms; this misleads... 相似文献
913.
Synthese - Theories of propositions as complex acts, of the sort recently defended by Peter Hanks and Scott Soames, make room for the existence of distinct propositions which nonetheless represent... 相似文献
914.
False confessors are stigmatized more than other exonerees. Traditional theories of stigma suggest that this difference may result from confessors being seen as more responsible for their own wrongful conviction. In the current study, we examined an important tangible consequence of stigma against false confessors—namely, that it might impede their ability to win financial restitution in post‐exoneration civil lawsuits. Mock jurors (N = 129), recruited online, read a case summary in which an exoneree is seeking damages after being wrongly convicted due to a false confession or eyewitness misidentification, which either did or did not result from police misconduct. When the exoneree falsely confessed in the absence of police misconduct, mock jurors rated him as most responsible for his own conviction and expressed the most doubt over his actual innocence. Contrary to legal criteria, they also awarded him smaller compensatory and punitive damage awards. Notably, the false confessor was seen as more responsible than the misidentified exoneree even if his interrogation was highly coercive. In turn, false confessors who were seen as more responsible received smaller damage awards. Implications for trial procedure and exoneree compensation are discussed. 相似文献
915.
Kevin D. Stark Jeff Laurent Ron Livingston Janay Boswell Susan Swearer 《Applied and Preventive Psychology》1999,8(2):79
Basic research into the prevalence, natural course, and phenomena of comorbidity of depressive disorders during childhood are reviewed and implications of this research for treating depressed youths are noted. Results of investigations into the biological aspects of depression are integrated into a multifactorial model of depressive disorders during childhood and the efficacy of pharmacological interventions is discussed. Cognitive theory is integrated with attachment theory to explain a possible avenue to the development of depressive disorders during childhood. Interpersonal therapy has emerged as a potentially effective intervention for depressed youths. Basic tenets of this treatment model are compared and contrasted to a cognitive-behavioral treatment model, and a hybrid treatment referred to as “cognitive therapy within the interpersonal context” is proposed. 相似文献
916.
Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation: The Development and Initial Validation of the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R) 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
Greg Feldman Adele Hayes Sameet Kumar Jeff Greeson Jean-Philippe Laurenceau 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2007,29(3):177-190
As interest grows in mindfulness training as a psychosocial intervention, it is increasingly important to quantify this construct
to facilitate empirical investigation. The goal of the present studies was to develop a brief self-report measure of mindfulness
with items that cover the breadth of the construct and that are written in everyday language. The resulting 12-item measure
demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and evidence of convergent and discriminant validity with concurrent measures
of mindfulness, distress, well-being, emotion-regulation, and problem-solving approaches in three samples of university students.
To address potential construct contamination in two items, data are also presented on an alternate 10-item version of the
measure.
相似文献
Greg FeldmanEmail: |
917.
Graham Richards 《Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences》2007,43(2):222-223
918.
919.
Despite frequent discussions of what it means to be normal in clinical, social, and personality psychology theory, the characteristics of individuals who call themselves normal are little understood. In 5 studies, the authors investigated various hypotheses concerning the nature of normality evaluations. The authors add to recent evidence that normality evaluations represent a distinct dimension of evaluative judgments, showing self-judgments of being normal (versus strange) to be relatively independent from self-judgments of being average (versus unique). Normality evaluations showed positive relations with communal traits such as agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability, and were negatively related to openness to experience. Supporting a broader hypothesis that normality evaluations may be involved in directing or motivating personality development processes, normality evaluations were positively associated with well-being and a sense of fitting in with one's peers, and individuals who felt abnormal felt a heightened sense that they needed to improve their personality. Finally, the personality correlates of normality evaluations were found to change over the lifespan, largely in parallel with the actual mean-level development of personality traits with age. 相似文献
920.
Jeff Sigafoos Mark O’Reilly Helen Cannella Chaturi Edrisinha Berenice de la Cruz Megha Upadhyaya Giulio E. Lancioni Anna Hundley Alonzo Andrews Carolyn Garver David Young 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2007,16(2):93-109
We evaluated a video prompting and fading procedure for teaching three adults with developmental disabilities to wash dishes.
Video prompting involved showing video clips depicting each step of the task. All three adults reached 90–100% correct when
video prompting was implemented. Following acquisition, video prompting was withdrawn, but performance deteriorated. Subsequently,
a 3-step fading procedure was implemented in which the separate video clips were merged to form larger, multi-step segments
of video. Performance reached 80–100% correct as the video prompts were re-applied and then faded. Performance decreased at
the 3-month follow-up when prompting was removed, but stabilized at 80–90% correct when the third step in the fading sequence
was reinstated. These data suggest a promising approach for fading video prompts. 相似文献