Female Patrons of Porn

Although the proportion of women who patronize sexually oriented book-video-novelty stores appears to be growing, little is known about the phenomenon generally or about male–female differences. In the only studies of “female patrons of porn,” both Hefley (2007 Hefley , Kristen . 2007 . “Stigma Management of Male and Female Customers in to Non-Urban Adult Novelty Store.” Deviant Behavior 28 : 79 – 109 .[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) and Berkowitz (2006 Berkowitz , Dana . 2006 . “Consuming Eroticism: Gender Performances and Presentations in Pornographic Establishments.” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 35 : 583 – 606 . [Google Scholar]) report that half of the customers that they observed entering two stores were women. Compared to men, women were less likely to enter alone. To further investigate this phenomenon, we observed customers entering 33 stores for 162 hours over a two-year period. Whereas the observations of Hefley (2007 Hefley , Kristen . 2007 . “Stigma Management of Male and Female Customers in to Non-Urban Adult Novelty Store.” Deviant Behavior 28 : 79 – 109 .[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) and Berkowitz (2006 Berkowitz , Dana . 2006 . “Consuming Eroticism: Gender Performances and Presentations in Pornographic Establishments.” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 35 : 583 – 606 . [Google Scholar]) were limited to a few of the busiest hours, our observations span all seven weekdays and all hours. Seventeen percent of the patrons who entered the stores were women. This proportion varied over time and across the 33 stores. Women prefer to shop on weekend evenings in stores that provide visible security.     

Race,sex, and juvenile inmate roles

Mate selection researchers have long assumed that surveyed listings of ''ideal traits'' indicate strong preferences by women for virtuous males. This assumption is contradicted, however, by increasing evidence of sexual abuse in dating relationships and suggests the possibility that the hero-centric Western culture of romance greatly complicates the mating process. A review of literary heroism revealed extraordinary individualism. Notably, George Gordon Byron's protagonists ('Byronic Heroes') are men of stupendous assertiveness and uncertain morality; derivatives abound in contemporary American popular culture. A comparison was made of three typologies; the third, domestic batterers being ''stand-ins'' for abusive dates. Byronic traits were found to much more closely resemble those of batterers than of hypothetical ideal mates. Thus, the development of intense admiration of fictional Byronic Heroes during socialization could lead to an admiration of same traits in encountered males with or even tragic results.     

the gentlemen in the club: a typology of strip club patrons

Research on professional stripping and strippers has traditionally focused on characteristics of strippers, interactional strategies, and normative processes of the stripping environment. Essentially, no previous research has addressed the characteristics or roles of patrons in strip clubs. Drawing on data collected via covert participant observations in two gentlemens clubs in a major Midwestern city, this analysis addresses this gap in the literature. Using dramaturgical analysis, strip clubs and their patrons are assessed with an emphasis on identifying interactional patterns of patrons. Based on patrons individual actions and interactions with dancers, the present study supports the construction of a six-category typology of patrons. Discussion includes analysis of how the homosocial, ultra-masculine context of the setting affects and illuminates patrons motives for frequenting strip clubs, the social commodities provided by strip clubs, and relative power within strip clubs.     

Sifting through the Hyperbole: One Hundred Years of Marijuana Coverage in The New York Times

The contemporary media has often portrayed marijuana as a “slacker drug”; however, this portrayal is somewhat novel. Several scholars have argued in the early 1900s, especially in the 1930s, the media often associated marijuana with violence and mental illness. Another common argument was that marijuana was associated with Mexican immigrants. Conversely, other researchers have argued that these reports were overblown and media accounts of marijuana were not very common until recent years. The current study utilizes recently available on-line archives to conduct a more comprehensive test of how exactly marijuana was depicted in The New York Times from 1851–1950.     

Explanations of the sex‐deviance relationship

This paper examines sex differences in school deviance and compares a cultural/socialization explanation (the machismo thesis) and structural explanations of this differential. In general, the findings show that the sex‐school deviance relationship is completely explained by differences in social controls and pressures which are structured by sex, and that machismo identity may be a mediator of this relationship for aggression but not for general school misconduct. In addition, the findings suggest that sex differences in deviance are enhanced because children tend to be influenced by same‐sexed peers.     

Validation of Self-Report Measures of Emotional and Physical Distress Tolerance

The Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) and Discomfort Intolerance Scale (DIS) are self-report measures developed for the assessment of emotional and physical distress tolerance, respectively. However, little evidence exists for their construct and specifically criterion-related validity. The current study examined the associations of these self-report measures with lab-based assessments of perceived emotional tolerance and physical discomfort tolerance. Undergraduate participants (N?=?166) were administered four film clips intended to induce sadness, disgust, fear, and anger, and a handgrip persistence task intended to elicit physical discomfort. The DTS, but not the DIS, was significantly associated with self-reported emotional tolerance and perceived threat associated with each film after controlling for emotional intensity. Among DTS subscales, the absorption subscale was the only subscale incrementally predictive of negative perceptions of the sad film, the appraisal subscale was incrementally predictive of negative perceptions of the other three films, and little support for the incremental validity of the tolerance and regulation subscales was found. The DTS also incrementally predicted tolerance and perceived threat of film-elicited emotions across films after controlling for anxiety sensitivity. The DIS was only marginally predictive of handgrip task persistence and was unrelated to emotional film perceptions. Overall, these findings uniquely add to the empirical literature on the construct and criterion-related validity of the DTS and DIS.     

Self-Stigma in Substance Abuse: Development of a New Measure

Little attention has been paid to the examination and measurement of self-stigma in substance misuse. This paper aims to fill this gap by reporting on the development of a new scale to measure self-stigma experienced by people who are misusing substances, the Substance Abuse Self-Stigma Scale. Content validity and item refinement occurred through an iterative process involving a literature search, focus groups, and expert judges. Psychometric properties were examined in a cross-sectional study of individuals (n?=?352) receiving treatment for substance misuse. Factor analyses resulted in a 40-item measure with self devaluation, fear of enacted stigma, stigma avoidance, and values disengagement subscales. The measure showed a strong factor structure and good reliability and validity overall, though the values disengagement subscale showed a mixed pattern. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for studies of stigma impact and intervention.     

Psychometric evaluation of the eating disorder inventory (edi) in a clinical group

Abstract

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) with a clinical sample of 79 female clients seen at an outpatient eating disorder program. The means and standard deviations for the bulimia nervosa subgroup in this study (n = 48) compared favorably with the bulimia group in the EDI Manual Supplement (1986) on all eight subscales, except Drive for Thinness. The present non-student sample had significantly lower scores on this particular subscale than did the norm group (mostly students). Another difference was that the local bulimic subgroup had significantly higher present and minimum weights (as a percentage of the expected average weight according to height). The EDI subscales also displayed respectable internal consistency reliability with this sample. In contrast to previous research, however, only five factors were found in a factor analysis rather than eight corresponding to the original subscales for the EDI. Differences between bulimic and a not-otherwise-specified (NOS) diagnostic groups were also found on both the EDI Ineffectiveness and Bulimia subscales (NOS had lower scores). The results of this study are discussed in terms of the importance of undertaking local standardization of tests in clinical settings.     

Adolescent beliefs about AIDS prevention

Abstract

Four hundred and ten school children, aged between 13 and 16 years, were administered a questionnaire to investigate (a) their perceptions of AIDS and implications of the disease for the victim; (b) beliefs about how best to prevent the spread of disease; (c) sources of information and (d) AIDS relevant topics they would like to learn in school. The results suggested that there were few differences in knowledge or attitude as a function of age, but some significant differences due to sex. Boys were more likely to derogate the AIDS victim compared with girls. In terms of different strategies for prevention, boys were more in favour of “scare” approaches, and girls of information-giving. The success of any AIDS education package may be at least partly determined by individual beliefs about the disease, and preferences for different educational strategies.     

Personality predictors of smoking behavior in a sample of physicians

Abstract

The smoking status of 239 physicians was obtained from a mail survey in 1981. MMPI data, which had been obtained from these men 25 years earlier, was used to prospectively predict smoking status at follow-up. Those who never smoked had scores indicative of social conventionality (low scores on L, Pd, and Schubert scales; high scores on Ego-control). A similar pattern was found among smokers who quit after a relatively short smoking history. Compared to ex-smokers, those who continued to smoke at the time of follow-up were characterized by high scores on the Pd and Ma scales. These results were discussed in terms of a multi-stage conceptualization of the smoking cessation process.