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791.
Richard N. Pitt 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2010,49(2):218-223
The growing literature on multiracial churches tends to take the position that religious values can be influential in promoting racially inclusive religious communities. Marti offers further evidence for this argument: cosmetic changes predominately white churches make to their worship, music, and leadership in order to attract/retain “race‐conscious” black congregants. In this response, I argue that these churches do not cause blacks to transcend their race consciousness. They merely offer havens for those blacks who have already transcended their race enough to pursue membership in these religious communities. I conclude with a challenge to scholars in this line of research to add evidence of religion's ability to promote racial transcendence for “race‐conscious” white congregants. 相似文献
792.
Two studies examined bias correction by manipulating a perceived chronic judgmental bias (i.e., overestimator/underestimator) using a modified dot estimation task. In Experiment 1, participants corrected for this perceived estimation bias by making adjustments away from the arbitrary feedback about their personal bias tendencies. In Experiment 2, the perceived desirability of the same estimation bias was manipulated. Results indicated that self-enhancement concerns impacted perceivers’ motivation to correct, at a cost to accuracy. These studies expand our current understanding of theory-based correction by including self-enhancement motives as causes of correction, demonstrating that such corrections can decrease rather than increase judgment accuracy, and illustrating the usefulness of a new perceived bias manipulation in theory testing. 相似文献
793.
Preschool-age children (N = 58) were randomly assigned to receive instruction in letter names and sounds, letter sounds only, or numbers (control). Multilevel modeling was used to examine letter name and sound learning as a function of instructional condition and characteristics of both letters and children. Specifically, learning was examined in light of letter name structure, whether letter names included cues to their respective sounds, and children’s phonological processing skills. Consistent with past research, children receiving letter name and sound instruction were most likely to learn the sounds of letters whose names included cues to their sounds regardless of phonological processing skills. Only children with higher phonological skills showed a similar effect in the control condition. Practical implications are discussed. 相似文献
794.
ABSTRACT Research has identified a large number of strategies that people use to self‐enhance or self‐protect. We aimed for an empirical integration of these strategies. Two studies used self‐report items to assess all commonly recognized self‐enhancement or self‐protection strategies. In Study 1 (N=345), exploratory factor analysis identified 4 reliable factors. In Study 2 (N=416), this model was validated using confirmatory factor analysis. The factors related differentially to the key personality variables of regulatory focus, self‐esteem, and narcissism. Expanding this integrative approach in the future can reveal a great deal about the structure and dynamics of self‐enhancement and self‐protection motivation. 相似文献
795.
Richard F. Braaten 《Learning and motivation》2010,41(3):202-212
Male zebra finches learn to sing songs that they hear between 25 and 65 days of age, the sensitive period for song learning. In this experiment, male and female zebra finches were exposed to zebra finch songs either before (n = 9) or during (n = 4) the sensitive period. Following song exposure, recognition memory for the songs was assessed with an operant discrimination between familiar and novel songs. Zebra finches that were exposed to songs between 22 and 30 days of age discriminated between familiar and novel songs; zebra finches exposed to songs from 9 to 17 days of age did not. Failure to memorize songs heard prior to the sensitive period may contribute to the exclusion of those songs from the repertoire of songbirds. 相似文献
796.
Richard L. Mendelsohn 《Philosophical Studies》2010,147(2):167-191
There is a core to the referential/attributive distinction that reveals a propositional ambiguity that is scope-related and
rooted in syntax. 相似文献
797.
Richard Fumerton 《Philosophical Studies》2010,147(3):379-386
In this article, I try to defend my conception of noninferential justification from important criticisms raised by Ted Poston
in a recent article published in Philosophical Studies. More specifically, I argue that from within the framework of an acquaintance
theory, one can still allow for fallible noninferential justification, and one can do so without losing the advantages I claim
for the theory. 相似文献
798.
Richard Routley 《Synthese》2010,173(1):107-122
The paper seeks a perfectly general argument regarding the non-contingent limits to any (human or non-human) knowledge. After
expressing disappointment with the history of philosophy on this score, an argument is grounded in Fitch’s proof, which demonstrates
the unknowability of some truths. The necessity of this unknowability is then defended by arguing for the necessity of Fitch’s
premise—viz., there this is in fact some ignorance. 相似文献
799.
Christopher C. Davoli Feng Du Juan Montana Susan Garverick Richard A. Abrams 《Memory & cognition》2010,38(5):555-562
Much of the reading that we do occurs near our hands. Previous research has revealed that spatial processing is enhanced near
the hands, potentially benefiting several processes involved in reading; however, it is unknown whether semantic processing—another
critical aspect of reading—is affected near the hands. While holding their hands either near to or far from a visual display,
our subjects performed two tasks that drew on semantic processing: evaluation of the sensibleness of sentences, and the Stroop
color-word interference task. We found evidence for impoverished semantic processing near the hands in both tasks. These results
suggest a trade-off between spatial processing and semantic processing for the visual space around the hands. Readers are
encouraged to be aware of this trade-off when choosing how to read a text, since both kinds of processing can be beneficial
for reading. 相似文献
800.
Gene A. Brewer Justin B. Knight Richard L. Marsh Nash Unsworth 《Memory & cognition》2010,38(3):304-311
The multiprocess view proposes that different processes can be used to detect event-based prospective memory cues, depending
in part on the specificity of the cue. According to this theory, attentional processes are not necessary to detect focal cues,
whereas detection of nonfocal cues requires some form of controlled attention. This notion was tested using a design in which
we compared performance on a focal and on a nonfocal prospective memory task by participants with high or low working memory
capacity. An interaction was found, such that participants with high and low working memory performed equally well on the
focal task, whereas the participants with high working memory performed significantly better on the nonfocal task than did
their counterparts with low working memory. Thus, controlled attention was only necessary for detecting event-based prospective
memory cues in the nonfocal task. These results have implications for theories of prospective memory, the processes necessary
for cue detection, and the successful fulfillment of intentions. 相似文献