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991.
Richard F. Braaten 《Learning and motivation》2010,41(3):202-212
Male zebra finches learn to sing songs that they hear between 25 and 65 days of age, the sensitive period for song learning. In this experiment, male and female zebra finches were exposed to zebra finch songs either before (n = 9) or during (n = 4) the sensitive period. Following song exposure, recognition memory for the songs was assessed with an operant discrimination between familiar and novel songs. Zebra finches that were exposed to songs between 22 and 30 days of age discriminated between familiar and novel songs; zebra finches exposed to songs from 9 to 17 days of age did not. Failure to memorize songs heard prior to the sensitive period may contribute to the exclusion of those songs from the repertoire of songbirds. 相似文献
992.
Richard L. Mendelsohn 《Philosophical Studies》2010,147(2):167-191
There is a core to the referential/attributive distinction that reveals a propositional ambiguity that is scope-related and
rooted in syntax. 相似文献
993.
Richard Fumerton 《Philosophical Studies》2010,147(3):379-386
In this article, I try to defend my conception of noninferential justification from important criticisms raised by Ted Poston
in a recent article published in Philosophical Studies. More specifically, I argue that from within the framework of an acquaintance
theory, one can still allow for fallible noninferential justification, and one can do so without losing the advantages I claim
for the theory. 相似文献
994.
Correlation Weights in Multiple Regression 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A general theory on the use of correlation weights in linear prediction has yet to be proposed. In this paper we take initial
steps in developing such a theory by describing the conditions under which correlation weights perform well in population
regression models. Using OLS weights as a comparison, we define cases in which the two weighting systems yield maximally correlated
composites and when they yield minimally similar weights. We then derive the least squares weights (for any set of predictors)
that yield the largest drop in R
2 (the coefficient of determination) when switching to correlation weights. Our findings suggest that two characteristics of
a model/data combination are especially important in determining the effectiveness of correlation weights: (1) the condition
number of the predictor correlation matrix, R
xx
, and (2) the orientation of the correlation weights to the latent vectors of R
xx
. 相似文献
995.
Richard Routley 《Synthese》2010,173(1):107-122
The paper seeks a perfectly general argument regarding the non-contingent limits to any (human or non-human) knowledge. After
expressing disappointment with the history of philosophy on this score, an argument is grounded in Fitch’s proof, which demonstrates
the unknowability of some truths. The necessity of this unknowability is then defended by arguing for the necessity of Fitch’s
premise—viz., there this is in fact some ignorance. 相似文献
996.
Christopher C. Davoli Feng Du Juan Montana Susan Garverick Richard A. Abrams 《Memory & cognition》2010,38(5):555-562
Much of the reading that we do occurs near our hands. Previous research has revealed that spatial processing is enhanced near
the hands, potentially benefiting several processes involved in reading; however, it is unknown whether semantic processing—another
critical aspect of reading—is affected near the hands. While holding their hands either near to or far from a visual display,
our subjects performed two tasks that drew on semantic processing: evaluation of the sensibleness of sentences, and the Stroop
color-word interference task. We found evidence for impoverished semantic processing near the hands in both tasks. These results
suggest a trade-off between spatial processing and semantic processing for the visual space around the hands. Readers are
encouraged to be aware of this trade-off when choosing how to read a text, since both kinds of processing can be beneficial
for reading. 相似文献
997.
Gene A. Brewer Justin B. Knight Richard L. Marsh Nash Unsworth 《Memory & cognition》2010,38(3):304-311
The multiprocess view proposes that different processes can be used to detect event-based prospective memory cues, depending
in part on the specificity of the cue. According to this theory, attentional processes are not necessary to detect focal cues,
whereas detection of nonfocal cues requires some form of controlled attention. This notion was tested using a design in which
we compared performance on a focal and on a nonfocal prospective memory task by participants with high or low working memory
capacity. An interaction was found, such that participants with high and low working memory performed equally well on the
focal task, whereas the participants with high working memory performed significantly better on the nonfocal task than did
their counterparts with low working memory. Thus, controlled attention was only necessary for detecting event-based prospective
memory cues in the nonfocal task. These results have implications for theories of prospective memory, the processes necessary
for cue detection, and the successful fulfillment of intentions. 相似文献
998.
Richard A. Jenkins 《American journal of community psychology》2010,45(1-2):68-72
The roles for community psychologists have changed over the past several decades. These changes have implications for training, traditional academic roles, and the capacity of the field to maintain its integrity and further development. Changes in the scope of community psychology as a field as well as the roles of community psychologists are described with consideration of how they may affect participation in the field, retention of membership in SCRA, and potential directions for training. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Elizabeth P. Lorch Richard Milich Rebecca A. Flake Joanna Ohlendorf Summer Little 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(3):291-301
This study investigated developmental differences in story recall in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), N = 57 (77.2% male) and their comparison peers, N = 98 (61.2% male). Children at the ages of 4–6 or 7–9 completed a free recall immediately after viewing each of two televised
stories, once in the presence of toys during viewing and once in their absence. This procedure was repeated with new stories
21 months later. Comparison children recalled more story events and showed a greater sensitivity to the thematic importance
of the story events than did children with ADHD, a pattern that remained stable over time. Older comparison children showed
a dramatic increase over time in the global coherence of their narrations, whereas the older children with ADHD showed limited
improvement over time. The implications of these findings for academic performance and the possible need for remediation are
discussed. 相似文献