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971.
Yves Lugrin 《American journal of psychoanalysis》2012,72(4):352-381
Seen from France, where Rank's “American” work is not well known, the Rank–Ferenczi relationship does not allow to state that the two learned colleagues were the best friends. Rank met Ferenczi in 1908, but their most valuable and fruitful working relationship is limited to the 1922–1924 time period. Their working relationship must be read in light of the unique transference links of each to Freud, and in light of the tormented history of the analytic movement, especially after the First World War. The sensible reader will not forget that after the fast extinction of their short collaboration they continued their own works in their own ways, Otto Rank in Paris and in America and Sándor Ferenczi in Budapest. No more friends, nor enemies, but both, in a different style, brave and creative analysts. 相似文献
972.
Claude Barbre 《American journal of psychoanalysis》2012,72(4):409-417
Drawing from Elisabeth Young-Bruehl's psychological and psychodynamic study of prejudice as a starting point, this paper explores the phenomenon of childism—namely, the prejudice again children—from a Rankian psychodynamic perspective. Young-Bruehl argues that childism is comparable to prejudices such as anti-Semitism, sexism, and racism, and serves such purposes as the elimination of an individual's personhood, sexual exploitation, and the erasure of identity. Adding to Young-Bruehl's analysis of the social and psychological causes and effects of prejudice against children, this paper will examine the nature and dangers of childism explicit and implicit in the writings of Otto Rank. We will examine the development of creative will in child maturation—a development that childist forms of prejudice may obstruct, inhibit, and compromise. We will see that Young-Bruehl's foundational writing on childism echoes many of the observations and writings of Otto Rank in regard to the prejudice against children, and how such prejudice deeply diminishes, undermines, and fractures our unfolding lives and creative will in a shared world. 相似文献
973.
LD Ross 《The American psychologist》2012,67(6):493
Presents an obituary for Albert H. Hastorf III. Albert H. Hastorf III, a pioneer in the study of social percep- tion and interaction and a celebrated member of the Stanford University administration, died September 26, 2011, in Palo Alto, California. Al was known early in his career as the coauthor of one of social psychology's most famous studies-a study that vividly illustrated the constructive and potentially biased nature of perception-and his contributions to psychology and American academia were wide-ranging. Hastorf joined Stanford's faculty in 1961, serving as executive head of the Psychology Department from 1961 to 1970. He was also a founder of the university's Interdisciplinary Human Biology Program, soon one of Stanford's most popular majors and an attractive gateway for students interested in medicine. Al's unique gifts as an administrator were apparent to all who knew him. His sound judgment, personal graciousness, good humor, and unquestioned integrity made him a popular choice as dean of the School of Humanities & Sciences from 1970 to 1974 and as provost from 1980 to 1984. The esteem in which Al was held by the Stanford community was recognized with a succession of awards, including the Lloyd W. Dinkelspiel Award for Outstanding Service to Undergraduate Education and the Richard W. Lyman Award for unique and dedicated service to the university. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). 相似文献
974.
The conflict monitoring model of cognitive control posits that response conflict triggers a top-down enhancement of a task’s
representation in working memory. In the present study, we conducted a novel test of the conflict monitoring model using a
voluntary task switching paradigm. We predicted that a task’s representation would be enhanced following events associated
with high response conflict (i.e., incongruent trials and incorrect responses), leading participants to voluntarily choose
to repeat that task more often after these events than after events associated with low response conflict (i.e., congruent
trials and correct responses). In two experiments, performance following incongruent trials was consistent with the conflict
monitoring model. However, performance following incorrect trials did not fit with the model’s predictions. These findings
provide novel support for the conflict monitoring model while revealing new effects of incorrect trials that the model cannot
explain. 相似文献
975.
Masin SC 《Psychological research》2012,76(1):1-7
The study explored the achromatic-color determinants of grouping of uniform surfaces. The stimuli were a set of separate uniform
achromatic disks on either a uniform or a bipartite achromatic background. The participants rated the salience of grouping
of these disks for different combinations of stimulus luminances. The results show that achromatic color similarity alone
could not sufficiently explain the pattern of obtained factorial curves but this factor coupled with the factor of surface
segregation could. Luminance contrast similarity per se was found to be unimportant for grouping. 相似文献
976.
Current evolutionary and cognitive theories of religion posit that supernatural agent concepts emerge from cognitive systems such as theory of mind and social cognition. Some argue that these concepts evolved to maintain social order by minimizing antisocial behavior. If these theories are correct, then people should process information about supernatural agents' socially strategic knowledge more quickly than non-strategic knowledge. Furthermore, agents' knowledge of immoral and uncooperative social behaviors should be especially accessible to people. To examine these hypotheses, we measured response-times to questions about the knowledge attributed to four different agents--God, Santa Claus, a fictional surveillance government, and omniscient but non-interfering aliens--that vary in their omniscience, moral concern, ability to punish, and how supernatural they are. As anticipated, participants respond more quickly to questions about agents' socially strategic knowledge than non-strategic knowledge, but only when agents are able to punish. 相似文献
977.
In adults, heightened self-awareness leads to adherence to socially valued norms, whereas lowered self-awareness is associated with antinormative behavior. Levels of self-awareness are influenced by environmental cues such as mirrors. Do situational changes in self-awareness also have an impact on preschoolers’ self-regulation? Adherence to a socially valued standard was observed under different conditions of self-focus. In Experiment 1 the standard was prescribed (“don’t look in the box”), and in Experiment 2 children had the opportunity to be altruistic. Heightened self-focus was induced using a large mirror. In a neutral condition, the nonreflective side of the mirror was shown. To lower self-focus, children wore a disguise. Preschoolers peeked less and showed more altruism when the mirror image was present. As found for adults, it appears that self-awareness leads 3- and 4-year-olds to adhere to salient social standards. These results suggest that self-focus has a socially adaptive regulatory function from an early age. 相似文献
978.
This paper surveys the field of Judaism and health. The authors trace the history of discourse on health and healing within
Judaism, from the biblical and rabbinic eras to contemporary research and writing on Jewish bioethics, pastoral care, communal
services, and aging, including congregational and community programming related to health and illness and the emergence of
the Jewish healing movement. The work of the Kalsman Institute on Judaism and Health is described, focusing on efforts to
unite these various threads into a scholarly field emphasizing basic and applied research on the instrumental functions of
Jewish religious life for health and well-being. 相似文献
979.
Jotkowitz A 《Journal of religion and health》2011,50(4):835-840
A new bill regulating ovum donation in Israel is set to pass its second and third readings in the Israel Parliament in the
upcoming months. The new law will expand the number of locally donated ova available, as previously Israeli women were prohibited
from donating eggs unless they were undergoing fertility treatment. Parallel to this legislative initiative, there has been
a change in rabbinical thinking over who is considered the mother in a case of surrogacy. Previously, the consensus has been
that the birth mother is to be considered the mother, but over the last few years there has been a change in thinking and
the genetic mother is now considered the mother. The purpose of this paper is to present the ethical and legal issues from
a Jewish perspective in determining maternal identity. The dilemma also demonstrates some of the difficulties in applying
Talmudic law to modern problems and the various methodologies used to overcome these issues. 相似文献
980.
Ernst R. Schwarz Kiran J. Philip Sinan A. Simsir Lawrence Czer Alfredo Trento Stuart G. Finder Laurent A. Cleenewerck 《Journal of religion and health》2011,50(4):872-879
Deciding who should receive maximal technological treatment options and who should not represents an ethical, moral, psychological
and medico-legal challenge for health care providers. Especially in patients with chronic heart failure, the ethical and medico-legal
issues associated with providing maximal possible care or withholding the same are coming to the forefront. Procedures, such
as cardiac transplantation, have strict criteria for adequate candidacy. These criteria for subsequent listing are based on
clinical outcome data but also reflect the reality of organ shortage. Lack of compliance and non-adherence to lifestyle changes
represent relative contraindications to heart transplant candidacy. Mechanical circulatory support therapy using ventricular
assist devices is becoming a more prominent therapeutic option for patients with end-stage heart failure who are not candidates
for transplantation, which also requires strict criteria to enable beneficial outcome for the patient. Physicians need to
critically reflect that in many cases, the patient’s best interest might not always mean pursuing maximal technological options
available. This article reflects on the multitude of critical issues that health care providers have to face while caring
for patients with end-stage heart failure. 相似文献