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961.
Jesús L. Megías Estrella Ryan Joaquín M. M. Vaquero Bettina Frese 《Applied cognitive psychology》2007,21(1):117-130
According to most post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) theories, memory mechanisms are involved in its development and maintenance. However, the specific memory characteristics responsible for this disorder are still not well known. In the present study, 210 participants having reported at least one traumatic experience were assigned to a PTSD or to a non‐PTSD symptom profile group. Both groups rated their memories for their most traumatic and intense positive life events. We observed that the traumatic memories of PTSD profile participants were more clear, detailed and judged as significant compared with those of the non‐PTSD profile group. However, participants in the first group acknowledged having more difficulties putting their traumatic memories into words and controlling these remembrances. These differences were absent in their positive memories. Additionally, clear relationships emerged between memory ratings and PTSD symptoms measures. Results are discussed according to fragmentation and superiority views of traumatic memories in PTSD. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
962.
A new density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm is presented which conserves the total spin. This is the first time that standard DMRG is extended to exploit fully the symmetries of the Hamiltonian. The obtained general procedure works for any operator, even operators that do not commute with the Hamiltonian. The new method gives substantial improvements over the standard DMRG. 相似文献
963.
Differential effects of muscarinic receptor blockade in prelimbic cortex on acquisition and memory formation of an odor-reward task 下载免费PDF全文
Carballo-Márquez A Vale-Martínez A Guillazo-Blanch G Torras-Garcia M Boix-Trelis N Martí-Nicolovius M 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2007,14(9):616-624
The present experiments determined the consequences of blocking muscarinic cholinergic receptors of the prelimbic (PL) cortex in the acquisition and retention of an odor-reward associative task. Rats underwent a training test (five trials) and a 24-h retention test (two retention trials and two relearning trials). In the first experiment, rats were bilaterally infused with scopolamine (20 or 5 microg/site) prior to training. Although scopolamine rats showed acquisition equivalent to PBS-injected controls, they exhibited weakened performance in the 24-h retention test measured by number of errors. In the second experiment, rats were injected with scopolamine (20 microg/site) immediately or 1 h after training and tested 24 h later. Scopolamine rats injected immediately showed severe amnesia detected in two performance measures (errors and latencies), demonstrating deficits in retention and relearning, whereas those injected 1 h later showed good 24-h test performance, similar to controls. These results suggest that muscarinic transmission in the PL cortex is essential for early memory formation, but not for acquisition, of a rapidly learned odor discrimination task. Findings corroborate the role of acetylcholine in consolidation processes and the participation of muscarinic receptors in olfactory associative tasks. 相似文献
964.
Two forms of a Chimeric Faces Free-Vision Task used to estimate cerebral asymmetry for perceiving facial expression were given to young male subjects, n = 60 in a first session and n = 40 in a retest session. Test-retest and split-half reliabilities were high. As expected from assumptions of right-hemisphere specialization for processing expression, faces with left-sided smiles were more frequently judged as looking happier than those with right-sided smiles in both forms. However, there were individual differences in direction and extent of bias, which were systematically related to reaction time, right visual field-biased subjects being slower. Differences in lateral bias as well as in reaction time are assumed to reflect individual patterns of hemispheric activation, whereas the average left bias in the present male group may reflect right-hemisphere specialization for processing of facial expression. 相似文献
965.
Ricardo Pellon Derek E. Blackman 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology》1991,43(1):39-57
Food pellets were programmed to be delivered to rats every 60 sec (Fixed Time 60-sec schedule), and the development of schedule-induced drinking was measured in terms of the amount of water consumed and the number of licks per inter-pellet interval. For some rats (masters) 10-sec delays in food delivery were dependent on licks. Yoked-control rats received food at the same time as their masters and independently of their own behaviour. In Experiment 1, in which the delays were signalled by a blackout, the master rats began to drink, but this schedule-induced behaviour then decreased to levels lower than those shown by the yoked controls. When the signalled delays were discontinued, the drinking of the master rats recovered. In Experiment 2, in which the delays were not signalled, the master rats did not develop as much schedule-induced drinking as the yoked controls, and discontinuing the delays led to only small increases in drinking. These results support the view that schedule-induced drinking is subject to control by its consequences. 相似文献
966.
967.
Sheila de Melo Borges Márcia Radanovic Orestes Vicente Forlenza 《Journal of motor behavior》2013,45(5):378-385
ABSTRACT. Motor disorders may occur in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and at early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), particularly under divided attention conditions. We examined functional mobility in 104 older adults (42 with MCI, 26 with mild AD, and 36 cognitively healthy) using the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) under 4 experimental conditions: TUG single task, TUG plus a cognitive task, TUG plus a manual task, and TUG plus a cognitive and a manual task. Statistically significant differences in mean time of execution were found in all four experimental conditions when comparing MCI and controls (p < .001), and when comparing MCI and AD patients (p < .05). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses showed that all four testing conditions could differentiate the three groups (area under the curve > .8, p < .001 for MCI vs. controls; area under the curve > .7, p < .001 for MCI vs. AD). The authors conclude that functional motor deficits occurring in MCI can be assessed by the TUG test, in single or dual task modality. 相似文献
968.
The clinical presentation of multiple sclerosis (MS) with psychiatric symptoms is uncommon but it is believed that MS patients are twice as likely to be afflicted with bipolar disorder as the general population. We report two cases (mother and daughter) of MS presenting with bipolar disorder in the form of recurrent manic psychosis and whose outcome was favourable with neuroleptics and corticosteroids. In both cases we found multiple hypersignal lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially in the right frontal lobe where we observed signs of activity. Apart from clinical and radiological concordance, the patients exhibited similar class I HLA alleles and identical class II HLA alleles. We focused discussion on whether there may be a common genetic susceptibility to both illnesses or whether MS caused psychiatric manifestations. The coincidence of psychiatric and neurological symptoms in most relapses supports the second hypothesis. 相似文献
969.
Valentín Escudero PhD 《Journal of Family Therapy》2012,34(1):106-113
Some argue that the medical model and the experimental design that underlies the use of treatment manuals to prove the efficacy of a psychotherapeutic treatment clashes with the theoretical basis of family therapy. From the point of view of the empirically supported treatments (ESTs) movement, treatment manuals are the operationalization of the independent variable in a clinical trial; the therapist is only part of the procedure and the therapeutic relationship is a confounding variable. Applying that logic to the practice of family therapy might be considered a heresy. This article argues that paradoxically, this heresy has a lot to offer the practice of family therapy. Research is the best way to answer questions like ‘how does family therapy work?’ ‘What makes ‘good therapy’ good?’ ‘Do therapists do what they say they do'? This article recommends an alternative framework for integrating ESTs into practice by proposing empirically informed guides to practice which, being less formulaic, encourage process‐outcome research, are coherent with the systemic model and do not constrain the therapist's creativity. Such guidelines allow therapists to use manuals flexibly so that they deepen the understanding of the process of therapy. We encourage you to listen to the JFT Editor, Mark Rivett, as he interviews the author on Manuals in the Practice and Research of Family Therapy. Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1467‐6427/homepage/jft_podcast_series.htm . 相似文献
970.
Catching up with wonderful women: The women‐are‐wonderful effect is smaller in more gender egalitarian societies 下载免费PDF全文
Kuba Krys Colin A. Capaldi Wijnand van Tilburg Ottmar V. Lipp Michael Harris Bond C.‐Melanie Vauclair L. Sam S. Manickam Alejandra Domínguez‐Espinosa Claudio Torres Vivian Miu‐Chi Lun Julien Teyssier Lynden K. Miles Karolina Hansen Joonha Park Wolfgang Wagner Angela Arriola Yu Cai Xing Ryan Wise Chien‐Ru Sun Razi Sultan Siddiqui Radwa Salem Muhammad Rizwan Vassilis Pavlopoulos Martin Nader Fridanna Maricchiolo María Malbran Gwatirera Javangwe İdil Işık David O. Igbokwe Taekyun Hur Arif Hassan Ana Gonzalez Márta Fülöp Patrick Denoux Enila Cenko Ana Chkhaidze Eleonora Shmeleva Radka Antalíková Ramadan A. Ahmed 《International journal of psychology》2018,53(Z1):21-26
Inequalities between men and women are common and well‐documented. Objective indexes show that men are better positioned than women in societal hierarchies—there is no single country in the world without a gender gap. In contrast, researchers have found that the women‐are‐wonderful effect—that women are evaluated more positively than men overall—is also common. Cross‐cultural studies on gender equality reveal that the more gender egalitarian the society is, the less prevalent explicit gender stereotypes are. Yet, because self‐reported gender stereotypes may differ from implicit attitudes towards each gender, we reanalysed data collected across 44 cultures, and (a) confirmed that societal gender egalitarianism reduces the women‐are‐wonderful effect when it is measured more implicitly (i.e. rating the personality of men and women presented in images) and (b) documented that the social perception of men benefits more from gender egalitarianism than that of women. 相似文献