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101.
Jaquet E Rhodes G 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2008,34(1):101-112
It has been claimed that exposure to distorted faces of one sex induces perceptual aftereffects for test faces that are of the same sex, but not for test faces of the other sex (A. C. Little, L. M. DeBruine, & B. C. Jones, 2005). This result suggests that male and female faces have separate neural coding. Given the high degree of visual similarity between faces of different sexes, this result is surprising. The authors reinvestigated male and female face coding using a different face distortion. In Experiment 1, participants adapted to distorted faces from one sex (e.g., male contracted faces) and were tested with faces of both sexes. Aftereffects were found for both male and female faces, suggesting the existence of common coding mechanisms. In Experiments 2 and 3, participants adapted to oppositely distorted faces from both sexes (male contracted and female expanded faces). Weak opposite aftereffects were found for male and female faces, suggesting the existence of sex-selective face coding mechanisms. Taken together, these results indicate that both common and sex-selective mechanisms code male and female faces. 相似文献
102.
The own-race advantage in face recognition has been hypothesized as being due to a superiority in the processing of configural information for own-race faces. Here we examined the contributions of both configural and component processing to the own-race advantage. We recruited 48 Caucasian participants in Australia and 48 Chinese participants in Hong Kong, and had them study Caucasian and Chinese faces. After study, they were shown old faces (along with distractors) that were either blurred (isolating configural processing), in which high spatial frequencies were removed from the intact faces, or scrambled (isolating component processing), in which the locations of all face components were rearranged. Participants performed better on the memory test for own-race faces in both the blurred (configural) and scrambled (component) conditions, showing an own-race advantage for both configural and component processing. These results suggest that the own-race advantage in face recognition is due to a general facilitation in different forms of face processing. 相似文献
103.
104.
Humans and other animals are highly sensitive to deviations from bilateral symmetry and prefer symmetric mates. Fluctuating
asymmetries (FAs) are random deviations from perfect symmetry that can result from developmental instability. Human perceptions
of facial asymmetry are driven by FAs and insensitive to directional asymmetries (DAs), which have a consistent direction
of bias (e.g., left side always larger) across the population and are unrelated to developmental stability. We hypothesized
that perceptual adaptation may filter out DAs and provide a proximate mechanism for this perceptual focus on FAs. We created
a small population of faces with DAs by applying a unilateral distortion to the same side of each face. After 5 min of adaptation,
(new) faces with these DAs looked less asymmetric and the most symmetric-looking distortion shifted toward the adapting asymmetry
level. Parallel changes occurred for attractiveness. We suggest that perceptual adaptation may provide the proximate mechanism
for an evolutionarily adaptive focus on FAs. 相似文献
105.
106.
Jean E. Rhodes Josefina M. Contreras Sarah C. Mangelsdorf 《American journal of community psychology》1994,22(2):211-227
Investigated the antecedents, effects, and underlying characteristics of natural mentor relationships in a sample of 54 inner-city,
Latina adolescent mothers. Women with mentors reported significantly lower levels of depression and anxiety than those without
mentors despite similar levels of stress exposure and overall support resources. Young women with natural mentors were also
more satisfied with their support resources and appeared better able to cope effectively with relationship problems. Finally,
women with mentors recalled their childhood relationships with their mothers as more accepting. Mentor relationships appear
to enhance young women's capacity to benefit from their support resources and offset the effects of relationship problems.
Implications for future research and intervention strategies are discussed.
This study was conducted while Josefina Contreras was supported by a training grant from the National Institute of Child Health
and Human Development which was awarded to the Psychology Department of the University of Illinois. Assistance was also provided
by grants from the W. T. Grant Foundation, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and the Office of
Research on Women's Health to Jean Rhodes, and the University of Illinois Research Board to Sarah Mangelsdorf. We also gratefully
acknowledge the assistance of Fabricio Balkazar, James Kelly, Joseph McGrath, Adena Meyers, the staff and participants at
the service settings, and the anonymous reviewers. 相似文献
107.
Francis X. Clooney S.J. Gail Hinich Sutherland Lou Ratté Francis X. Clooney S.J. Carl Olson Constantina Rhodes Bailly Alex Wayman Herman Tull Sheila McDonough Robert Zydenbos Cynthia Ann Humes Sarah Caldwell Deepak Sharma Robin Rinehart Robert N. Minor Frank J. Korom Janice D. Willis Peter Flügel Vijay Prashad Muhammad Usman Erdosy Muhammad Usman Erdosy Antony Copley Steve Derné Swarna Rajagopalan Gavin Flood Rebecca J. Manring Michael York David Gordon White John Grimes Melissa Kerin Steven J. Rosen Anna B. Bigelow Carl Olson Will Sweetman 《International Journal of Hindu Studies》1997,1(3):596-643
108.
109.
Abstract—Several commentators have suggested that the attractiveness of average facial configurations could be due solely to associated changes in symmetry. If this symmetry hypothesis is correct, then averageness should not account for significant variance in attractiveness ratings when the effect of symmetry is partialed out. Furthermore, changes in attractiveness produced by manipulating the averageness of individual faces should disappear when all the images are made perfectly symmetric. The experiments reported support neither prediction. Symmetry and averageness (or distinctiveness, the converse of averageness) made independent contributions to attractiveness (Experiments 1 and 2), and changes in attractiveness resulting from changes in averageness remained when the images were made perfectly symmetric (Experiment 2). These results allow us to reject the symmetry hypothesis, and strengthen the evidence that facial averageness is attractive. 相似文献
110.
This study tested the hypothesis that how a discussion of a marital conflict begins--in its first few minutes--is a predictor of divorce. The marital conflict discussion of 124 newlywed couples was coded using the Specific Affect Coding System, and the data were divided into positive, negative, and positive-minus-negative affect totals for five 3-minute intervals. It was possible to predict marital outcome over a 6-year period using just the first 3 minutes of data for both husbands and wives. For husbands this prediction improved as the groups diverged in the remaining 12 minutes; for wives the prediction remained equally powerful for the remaining 12 minutes as it had been in the first 3 minutes. 相似文献